Apoptosis or Programmed Cell Deathpre-programed, cascade events ATP, gene expressionA highly regulated active cell deathcharacterized by cell shrinkage andnuclear condensationMorphology opposite to necrosisWhat is the difference of programmed cell death and apoptosis?
A highly regulated active cell death characterized by cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation. pre-programed, cascade events ATP, gene expression Morphology opposite to necrosis Apoptosis or Programmed Cell Death What is the difference of programmed cell death and apoptosis?
Apoptosis and NecrosisApoptosisNecrosisNaturePhysiologicalorPathological, accidentalpathological; specificMildStimulusStrongBiochemistryPassive,energy-independent, noActive, energy-dependentnew protein synthesisprotein synthesisDNASpecific degradation,Randomdegradationladder (180-200 bp)Intact, shrinkage,MorphologyLysis,swellingcondensationNoYesInflammationYesNoApoptotic bodyNoGene regulationYes
Apoptosis Necrosis Nature Physiological or pathological; specific Pathological, accidental Stimulus Mild Strong Biochemistry Active, energy-dependent, new protein synthesis Passive, energy-independent, no protein synthesis DNA Morphology Specific degradation, ladder (180-200 bp) Intact, shrinkage, condensation Random degradation Lysis, swelling Inflammation No Yes Apoptotic body Yes No Gene regulation Yes No Apoptosis and Necrosis
Apoptotic ProcessStimulatory FactorsInhibitory FactorsPhysiological, FasL;InitiationPathological, glutamate, free radicals;Physiological, e.g., growththerapeutical, herb.factors, estrogen;virus;chemicals.RegulationExecutionConservedPhagocytosis
Initiation Regulation Execution Phagocytosis Physiological, e.g., growth factors, estrogen; virus; chemicals. Inhibitory Factors Stimulatory Factors Physiological, FasL; Pathological, glutamate, free radicals; therapeutical, herb. Conserved Apoptotic Process
Conserved apoptotic paradigms in Celegans,Drosophia, and mammalsMammalsC. elegansDrosophilaApoptotic stimuli★★MitochondriaDrob1Bid,BaxA2CytEGL-1Bcl-2dApaf-1HidCyto/dATPSmacGrimCED-9ReaperApaf-1InitiatorCaspase(Dronc?)CED-4DIAP1caspase-9EffectorCaspaseCED-3(drICE?)IAPsCaspase-3ACellular targetsCellulartargetsApoptosisApoptosisApoptosis
Conserved apoptotic paradigms in C. elegans, Drosophia, and mammals
Apoptotic PathwaysDeath receptor-mediated apoptoticpathway Mitochondria-mediated apoptoticpathway. Nuclear-mediated apoptotic pathway
• Death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway • Mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway • Nuclear-mediated apoptotic pathway Apoptotic Pathways