Chapter Three Section Three The importance of discerning the mainidea and the structure ofa long Chinese sentence in translation正确确立单句主干（一）主语的确立1.汉语主语非常灵活那个地方明年5月以前1000万元调查研究快能解决这个问题（用）这种方法巧于从王教授那甲把技术人员的积极性调动起来We(you;One)atthatplacebeforenextMaycanwith10millionyuansolve this problemCorThisproblemthroughinvestigationand studycan be solvedif at ahighspeed(in)thiswaybyworkingingeniouslywiththehelpfromProfessorWangbybringingintoplaythepositivefactorofthetechnicalstaff
一、正确确立单句主干 （一） 主语的确立 1. 汉语主语非常灵活 那个地方 明年5月以前 1000万元 调查研究 快 能解决这个问题。 （用）这种方法 巧干 从王教授那里 把技术人员的积极性调动起来 We(you; One) at that place. can before next May. solve this problem with 10 million yuan. (or This problem through investigation and study. can be solved if at a high speed. (in) this way. by working ingeniously. with the help from Professor Wang. by bringing into play the positive factor of the technical staff. Chapter Three Section Three The importance of discerning the main idea and the structure of a long Chinese sentence in translation
2.汉语主语隐蔽性在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。The constant change of the course of the changjiangRiverinhistory helped form a great many lakesin theareas around Wuhan.健康状况不佳就无法有效地工作One's poor health will incapacitate him forefficientworkAperson'spoorhealth will stop him fromworking efficiently.健康状况不佳”表示条件，不宜做主语。但是英语则可以把这种表示原因或条件的短语变成抽象名词或具体名词（主要是时间、地点）并安排它们作主语，从而形成英语的优势。不过如果原文是口语体，那就不宜这样译。可以译为：Youcannotworkefficientlyifyouareinpoorhealth
2. 汉语主语隐蔽性 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan. 健康状况不佳就无法有效地工作。 “健康状况不佳” 表示条件，不宜做主语。但是英语则可以 把这种表示原因或条件的短语变成抽象名词或具体名词 （主要是时间、地点）并安排它们作主语，从而形成英 语的优势。不过如果原文是口语体，那就不宜这样译。 可以译为：You can not work efficiently if you are in poor health. One’s poor health will incapacitate him for efficient work. A person’s poor health will stop him from working efficiently
古今中外，商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the bigfish eat up the small in the world of business注：古今中外：ancientandmodern，Chineseandforeign；atalltimesandinalllands（countries）（如果主语较隐蔽，可使用“therebe"句型。）北京地区由于近些年增加了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类Theexpansionof woodland in someplaces around Beijing theseyears attractsquiteafewrarebirds.或Quiteafewrarebirdscometosettledowninsomeplacesaround Beijing thankstotheexpansionof woodland theretheseyears.（此例的汉语主语也较隐蔽，应从逻辑内涵上寻找并确立译文的主语，译出比较规范的英文
古今中外，商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。 There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the big fish eat up the small in the world of business. 注：古今中外: ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign; at all times and in all lands (countries). （如果主语较隐蔽，可使用“there be”句 型。） 北京地区由于近些年增加了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有 的鸟类 The expansion of woodland in some places around Beijing these years attracts quite a few rare birds. 或： Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woodland there these years. (此例的汉语主语也较隐蔽，应从逻辑内涵上寻找并确立译 文的主语，译出比较规范的英文。）
3、中国人强调主观性，所以许多情况下以人作主语：英美人强调客观性，常以物或具体事实作主语，而人在次要位置。确立主语时要考虑英美人的思维方式。例如：我看当然像这么回事Itcertainlyseemsso tome.他想到这件事交给他的妻子去办。Itoccurredtohimtoleavethewhole thingtohiswife(ltdawned/hasdawnedonsbthat...我这会儿想不起来了。Mymemoryfailsmeatthemoment类似的有：我天收到你的信。Yourletterreachedmeyesterday她激动得讲不出话来。Speechfailedher我一时记不起他的名字。Hisnamejustescapedme.她不由得发出一声尖叫。Ascreamescapedherlips
3、中国人强调主观性，所以许多情况下以人作主语；英美人强调客 观性，常以物或具体事实作主语，而人在次要位置。确立主语时要 考虑英美人的思维方式。例如： 我看当然像这么回事。 It certainly seems so to me. 他想到这件事交给他的妻子去办。 我这会儿想不起来了。 It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to his wife. (It dawned/has dawned on sb that . My memory fails me at the moment. 类似的有：我昨天收到你的信。Your letter reached me yesterday. 她激动得讲不出话来。Speech failed her. 我一时记不起他的名字。His name just escaped me. 她不由得发出一声尖叫。A scream escaped her lips
二）谓语的确立、谓语如是名词、数词、形容词、介词短语译成英语时须加系动词（be.seem，lookappear,feel,smell,sound,taste等）如这小伙帅：Thisyoungmanishandsome，只能保2．汉语的连动式谓语译成英语时，留一个主要动词，而其他动词译成名词、介词短语或不等式、分词等。例如：总统明天准备乘坐专机前往上海参观访问。Thepresidentto go topreparesShanghai byhis specialplane foravisittomorrow
(二）谓语的确立 1、谓语如是名词、数词、形容词、介词短语， 译成英语时须加系动词（be, seem, look, appear, feel, smell, sound, taste 等）如： 这小伙帅：This young man is handsome. 2. 汉语的连动式谓语译成英语时，只能保 留一个主要动词，而其他动词译成名词、 介词短语或不等式、分词等。 例如：总统明天准备乘坐专机前往上海参 观访问。 The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow