五、蛋白质营养不良 （protein-energy malnutrition, PEM） Kwishiorkor: A Ghanaian word meaning “the evil spirit that infects the first child when the second child is born”. The second child suddenly switched from nutrient dense, protein-rich breast milk to a starchy, protein-poor cereal, soon begins to sicken and die. Marasmus: A severe deprivation of food over a long time (chronic PEM) and therefore is caused by an inadequate energy and protein intake ( and by inadequate essential fatty acids,vitamins, and minerals as well)
五、蛋白质营养不良 （protein-energy malnutrition, PEM） Kwishiorkor: A Ghanaian word meaning “the evil spirit that infects the first child when the second child is born”. The second child suddenly switched from nutrient dense, protein-rich breast milk to a starchy, protein-poor cereal, soon begins to sicken and die. Marasmus: A severe deprivation of food over a long time (chronic PEM) and therefore is caused by an inadequate energy and protein intake ( and by inadequate essential fatty acids,vitamins, and minerals as well)
蛋白质营养不良 Marasmus • Kwashiorkor
蛋白质营养不良 Marasmus • Kwashiorkor
Marasmus Kwashiorkor Infancy(less than 2 yr) older infants and young children(1-3 yr) Develops slowly;chronic PEM rapid onset; acute PEM Severe weight loss some weight loss Severe muscle wasting, with fat Some muscle wasting,with retention of some body fat Growth:<60% weight-for-age growth:60%-80% weightfor-age
Marasmus Kwashiorkor Infancy(less than 2 yr) older infants and young children(1-3 yr) Develops slowly;chronic PEM rapid onset; acute PEM Severe weight loss some weight loss Severe muscle wasting, with fat Some muscle wasting,with retention of some body fat Growth:<60% weight-for-age growth:60%-80% weightfor-age
➢No detectable edema edema ➢No fatty liver enlarged fatty liver ➢Anxiety焦急, apathy淡漠 apathy, misery痛苦, irritability易怒, sadness ➢Good appetite possible loss of appetite ➢Hair is sparse,thin and dry; Easily pulled out hair is dry and brittle; easily pull out; changes color; becomes straight ➢Skin is dry, thin, and easily wrinkles skin develops lesion
➢No detectable edema edema ➢No fatty liver enlarged fatty liver ➢Anxiety焦急, apathy淡漠 apathy, misery痛苦, irritability易怒, sadness ➢Good appetite possible loss of appetite ➢Hair is sparse,thin and dry; Easily pulled out hair is dry and brittle; easily pull out; changes color; becomes straight ➢Skin is dry, thin, and easily wrinkles skin develops lesion
3. 高蛋白质膳食过多的危害 （problems of excess protein） Adult Bone Loss (Osteoporosis骨质疏松): Calcium excretion rises as protein intake increases. Recommendation of calcium-to-protein is more than 20(mg) to 1(g). Cancer: population studies suggest a correlation between high intakes of animal protein and some type cancer ( cancer of colon, breast,kidneys, pancreas, and prostate) Gain Weight: Protein-rich foods are often fat-rich foods. Others. Heart Disease: Foods rich in animal protein tend tobe rich in saturated fats and cholesterol; homocystei（高半胱氨酸）may be an independent risk factor for heart disease
3. 高蛋白质膳食过多的危害 （problems of excess protein） Adult Bone Loss (Osteoporosis骨质疏松): Calcium excretion rises as protein intake increases. Recommendation of calcium-to-protein is more than 20(mg) to 1(g). Cancer: population studies suggest a correlation between high intakes of animal protein and some type cancer ( cancer of colon, breast,kidneys, pancreas, and prostate) Gain Weight: Protein-rich foods are often fat-rich foods. Others. Heart Disease: Foods rich in animal protein tend tobe rich in saturated fats and cholesterol; homocystei（高半胱氨酸）may be an independent risk factor for heart disease