4 Motivation the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort 's ability to satisfy some individual need 积极性:激发进取心理动力。自觉主动的 心理状态-意识活跃水平、情绪振奋程 度和意志力强度等方面,行为效率。 激励赖以运转的一切办法、手段、环节 等制度安排的总称
4.Motivation • the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals,conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need • 积极性:激发进取心理动力。自觉主动的 心理状态----意识活跃水平、情绪振奋程 度和意志力强度等方面，行为效率。 • 激励赖以运转的一切办法、手段、环节 等制度安排的总称
Chapter 6. Motivation 85.2 Early theory of Motivation The 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation concepts. 3 specific theories were formulated during this time
Chapter 6. Motivation §5.2 Early theory of Motivation The 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation concepts.3 specific theories were formulated during this time
1. Hierarchy of Needs Theory abraham maslow There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological safety, social, esteem, &e self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied. the next need becomes dominant Separation: Lower order needs---needs that ar satisfied externally; physiological safety needs review: 1.intuitively logical, ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. 2. little empirical support
1.Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow • There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological, safety,social,esteem,& self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied,the next need becomes dominant • Separation:Lower order needs---needs that are satisfied externally; physiological & safety needs • review:1.intuitively logical,ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. 2.little empirical support
美国工人主导需要变化估计 主导需要种类1935年1995年 生理需要 35 安全需要 45 15 社交需要 10 24 自尊需要 30 自我实现需要 26
美国工人主导需要变化估计 • 主导需要种类 1935年 1995年 • 生理需要 35 5 • 安全需要 45 15 • 社交需要 10 24 • 自尊需要 7 30 • 自我实现需要 3 26
中国古代的需要层次思想 《论语·里仁》“富与贵,是人之所欲也 告子“食色,性也”《孟子·告子上》 管子“仓廪实知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱” 《列子杨朱》“生民之不得休息,为四事 故,一为寿,二为名,三为位,四为货” ·王夫子:“盖凡声色、货利、权势、事 功之所欲者,皆谓之欲
中国古代的需要层次思想 • 《论语·里仁》“富与贵，是人之所欲也” • 告子“食色，性也”《孟子·告子上》 • 管子“仓廪实知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱” • 《列子·杨朱》“生民之不得休息，为四事 故，一为寿，二为名，三为位，四为货” • 王夫子：“盖凡声色、货利、权势、事 功之所欲者，皆谓之欲