性质(characters): 化学性质稳定 ,分子量的大小决定其状态和溶解性质,除 低分子量的二甲基亚硝胺为油状和水溶、脂溶性外,其它的亚 硝胺均为固态和脂溶性。通常情况下不易水解,在中性和碱性 环境中较稳定,但在特定条件下可发生水解,形成氢键和加成 反应、转亚硝基、还原、氧化及光化学反应等,在哺乳动物体 内可转化为具有致癌作用的活性代谢物。 N-Nitrosamines are stable compounds, their forms and solubility are determined by their molecular weights.They are solid states and fat-soluble except that nitrosodimethylamine is oil, both water-soluble and fat-soluble. They are difficult to hydrolyze under normal conditions and stable in neutral and basic solutions. However, in some special conditions they can hydrolyze and transform into carcinogenic metabolites by forming hydrogen bond , addition reaction,reduction,oxidation and photochemical reaction and so on
性质(characters): 化学性质稳定 ,分子量的大小决定其状态和溶解性质,除 低分子量的二甲基亚硝胺为油状和水溶、脂溶性外,其它的亚 硝胺均为固态和脂溶性。通常情况下不易水解,在中性和碱性 环境中较稳定,但在特定条件下可发生水解,形成氢键和加成 反应、转亚硝基、还原、氧化及光化学反应等,在哺乳动物体 内可转化为具有致癌作用的活性代谢物。 N-Nitrosamines are stable compounds, their forms and solubility are determined by their molecular weights.They are solid states and fat-soluble except that nitrosodimethylamine is oil, both water-soluble and fat-soluble. They are difficult to hydrolyze under normal conditions and stable in neutral and basic solutions. However, in some special conditions they can hydrolyze and transform into carcinogenic metabolites by forming hydrogen bond , addition reaction,reduction,oxidation and photochemical reaction and so on
2.N-亚硝酰胺( N-Nitrosamide) 结构式( structural formula ) : N N O R R 1 C O R为烷基(alkyl) R1C为酰基(acyl) 化学性质活泼,在酸性或碱性环境中均不稳定,弱碱 性条件下经水解可生成具有致癌作用的烷化重氮烷,属 终末致癌物。(Nitrosamides are unstable compounds and unstable in acid or alkaline environment. Under acidic condition or alkaline condition, they can hydrolyze into alkylation diazoalkane, a kind of final carcinogen.) 性质(characters) :
2.N-亚硝酰胺( N-Nitrosamide) 结构式( structural formula ) : N N O R R 1 C O R为烷基(alkyl) R1C为酰基(acyl) 化学性质活泼,在酸性或碱性环境中均不稳定,弱碱 性条件下经水解可生成具有致癌作用的烷化重氮烷,属 终末致癌物。(Nitrosamides are unstable compounds and unstable in acid or alkaline environment. Under acidic condition or alkaline condition, they can hydrolyze into alkylation diazoalkane, a kind of final carcinogen.) 性质(characters) :
eil区er tammonlai 试e fammonia ntr竹e nitrt怕 NITRATE
(二) N-亚硝基化合物的前体物来源 sources of precursors 1.环境中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐 (Nitrates and nitrites in environment) 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐广泛存在于人类的环境中, 是自然界最普遍的含氮物。 Nitrates and nitrites, exiting widely in human environment, are the most popular nitrogenous substance. 根菜类>薯芋类>绿叶菜类>白菜类>葱蒜类> 豆类>瓜类>茄果类>食用菌
(二) N-亚硝基化合物的前体物来源 sources of precursors 1.环境中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐 (Nitrates and nitrites in environment) 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐广泛存在于人类的环境中, 是自然界最普遍的含氮物。 Nitrates and nitrites, exiting widely in human environment, are the most popular nitrogenous substance. 根菜类>薯芋类>绿叶菜类>白菜类>葱蒜类> 豆类>瓜类>茄果类>食用菌
附表1 一些蔬菜中硝酸盐的平均含量(mg/Kg) 蔬菜等食物 含量 蔬菜等食物 含量 菠菜 2464 生菜 2164 莴苣 1954 大白菜 196 油菜 3466 小白菜 743 芹菜 3912 紫菜头 784 白菜 1530 茄子 275 黄瓜 125 扁豆 157 苦瓜 91 豌豆 99 南瓜 330 蛇豆 99 冬瓜 288 柿子椒 93 丝瓜 118 小辣椒 110 西葫芦 137 西红柿 88 藕 126 茭白 103
附表1 一些蔬菜中硝酸盐的平均含量(mg/Kg) 蔬菜等食物 含量 蔬菜等食物 含量 菠菜 2464 生菜 2164 莴苣 1954 大白菜 196 油菜 3466 小白菜 743 芹菜 3912 紫菜头 784 白菜 1530 茄子 275 黄瓜 125 扁豆 157 苦瓜 91 豌豆 99 南瓜 330 蛇豆 99 冬瓜 288 柿子椒 93 丝瓜 118 小辣椒 110 西葫芦 137 西红柿 88 藕 126 茭白 103