复旦大学：《集成电路工程》教学资源（硕士士学位论文）基准电压源和线性稳压器的设计.pdf

I 目录图目录 ·········································································································III 表目录 ······································································································· VII 摘要 ··········································································································1 Abstract ······································································································3 第一章概述 ·······························································································5 1.1 研究动机 ························································································5 1.2 研究内容及贡献··············································································5 1.3 论文组织结构 ·················································································6 第二章带隙基准电压源电路设计 ·······························································7 2.1 前言································································································7 2.1.1 主要性能指标·······································································7 2.1.2 基本结构及原理···································································8 2.2 电路结构及性能分析·····································································11 2.3 误差分析 ······················································································14 2.4 温度系数分析 ···············································································16 2.5 噪声分析 ······················································································17 2.6 电路实现 ······················································································20 2.7 仿真结果 ······················································································23 2.7.1 直流特性············································································24 2.7.2 环路交流特性·····································································26 2.7.3 PSR 特性···········································································29 2.7.4 噪声···················································································31 2.7.5 自启动 ···············································································32 2.7.6 数字修正············································································34 2.8 电路性能总结 ···············································································35 第三章电压—电流转换电路设计 ·····························································37 3.1 前言······························································································37 3.2 电路结构及性能分析·····································································40 3.3 电路实现 ······················································································41 3.4 仿真结果 ······················································································42 3.5 电路性能总结 ···············································································43 第四章低压差线性稳压器设计·································································45 4.1 前言······························································································45

II 4.2 电路结构及性能分析·····································································48 4.3 电路实现 ······················································································50 4.4 仿真结果 ······················································································51 4.4.1 直流特性············································································52 4.4.2 环路交流特性·····································································53 4.4.3 PSRR 特性········································································58 4.4.4 负载变化············································································59 4.4.5 噪声···················································································60 4.5 电路性能总结 ···············································································60 第五章总结与展望···················································································63 5.1 总结······························································································63 5.2 展望······························································································63 致谢············································································································65 参考文献·····································································································67

III 图目录图 1-1 系统结构 ··························································································6 图 2-1 带隙基准电压源电路拓扑结构 ··························································9 图 2-2 带隙基准电压源核心电路 ·······························································10 图 2-3 典型带隙基准电压源电路的温度系数··············································10 图 2-4 带隙基准电压源电路原理图····························································11 图 2-5 数字控制带隙基准电压源原理图·····················································12 图 2-6 可控 PNP 晶体管组基本单元··························································13 图 2-7 简单的差分放大器··········································································13 图 2-8 引起带隙基准电压源电路误差的因素··············································14 图 2-9 MOS 管的变化对输出参考电压温度曲线的影响 ·····························15 图 2-10 电阻的变化对输出参考电压温度曲线的影响·································15 图 2-11 双极型晶体管的变化对输出参考电压温度曲线的影响···················16 图 2-12 温度曲线 ······················································································16 图 2-13 带隙基准电压源的等效噪声电路···················································18 图 2-14 差分放大器的噪声源·····································································20 图 2-15 带隙基准电压源电路图·································································21 图 2-16 误差放大器电路结构·····································································21 图 2-17 RC 滤波器频率特性······································································22 图 2-18 RC 低通滤波器对 PSR 的影响 ·····················································23 图 2-19 RC 低通滤波器对噪声的影响 ·······················································23 图 2-20 电源变化与温度曲线的关系··························································25 图 2-21 VDD为 3.3 V 时工艺角与温度曲线的关系······································25 图 2-22 VDD为 2.1 V 时工艺角与温度曲线的关系······································26 图 2-23 电源变化与环路交流特性的关系···················································27 图 2-24 电源变化与单位增益带宽的关系···················································27 图 2-25 电源变化与相位裕度的关系··························································28 图 2-26 VDD为 2.1 V 时工艺角与环路交流特性的关系·······························28 图 2-27 VDD为 3.3 V 时工艺角与环路交流特性的关系·······························29 图 2-28 电源变化与 PSR 的关系·······························································30 图 2-29 VDD为 3.3 V 时工艺角与 PSR 的关系···········································31 图 2-30 VDD为 2.1 V 时工艺角与 PSR 的关系···········································31 图 2-31 电源变化与噪声的关系·································································32 图 2-32 电源变化与启动时间的关系··························································33

IV 图 2-33 VDD为 3.3 V 时工艺角与启动时间的关系······································33 图 2-34 VDD为 2.1 V 时工艺角与启动时间的关系······································34 图 2-35 VDD为 2.1 V 时数字修正与温度曲线的关系 ··································35 图 2-36 VDD为 3.3 V 时数字修正与温度曲线的关系 ··································35 图 3-1 电压—电流转换电路拓扑图····························································37 图 3-2 电流镜示意图 ·················································································38 图 3-3 由于 VDS不同产生输出电流的误差·················································39 图 3-4 共源共栅(cascade)电流镜······························································39 图 3-5 低压共源共栅电流镜·······································································40 图 3-6 电压—电流转换电路原理图····························································41 图 3-7 电压—电流转换电路·······································································41 图 3-8 电源变化和工艺角偏差与输出电流的关系 ······································42 图 4-1 电源管理示意图··············································································45 图 4-2 恒压源及其连接示意图···································································46 图 4-3 线性稳压器的典型输入—输出特性·················································46 图 4-4 传统的线性稳压器··········································································47 图 4-5 传统的线性稳压器的波特图····························································47 图 4-6 低压差线性稳压器··········································································47 图 4-7 低压差线性稳压器的波特图····························································47 图 4-8 低压差线性稳压器结构示意图 ························································48 图 4-9 负载电流快速切换的等效电路 ························································49 图 4-10 快速瞬态响应的无片外电容的稳压器的原理图 ·····························49 图 4-11 简单的电容积分器 ········································································50 图 4-12 快速瞬态响应的稳压器等效电路图 ···············································50 图 4-13 低压差线性稳压器电路图 ·····························································51 图 4-14 低压差线性稳压器仿真电路图 ······················································51 图 4-15 电源变化和负载电流与温度曲线的关系········································52 图 4-16 电源变化与输出电压的关系··························································53 图 4-17 30 mA 范围内，负载电流变化与单位增益带宽的关系··················54 图 4-18 30 mA 范围内，负载电流变化与相位裕度的关系 ·························55 图 4-19 1 mA 范围内，负载电流变化与单位增益带宽的关系····················55 图 4-20 1 mA 范围内，负载电流变化与相位裕度的关系 ···························56 图 4-21 电源电压和负载与环路交流稳定性的关系 ····································56 图 4-22 相位裕度 ······················································································57 图 4-23 单位增益带宽 ···············································································57 图 4-24 电源电压和负载与 PSRR 的关系··················································58