学校代码：10246 学号：10210720183 復大舞 硕士学位论文 (专业学位) 基准源和温度检测模块设计 院 系 信息科学与工程学院 专 业： 集成电路工程 姓 名： 张伟 指导教师： 唐长文副教授 完成日期： 2012年04月30日
学校代码： 10246 学 号： 10210720183 硕 士 学 位 论 文 (专业学位) 基准源和温度检测模块设计 院 系： 信息科学与工程学院 专 业： 集成电路工程 姓 名： 张 伟 指 导 教 师： 唐长文 副教授 完 成 日 期： 2012 年 04 月 30 日
目录 图目录… …l川 表目录… …V 摘要… …1 Abstract… …3 第一章概述… …5 1.1研究动机… …5 1.2研究内容及贡献 …6 1.3论文组织结构 6 第二章带隙基准电压源电路设计…7 2.1前言… …7 2.11带隙基准源的发展历史…7 2.1.2国内外研究现状 。。。。。。。。。 8 2.1.3主要性能指标… …9 2.1.4带隙基准源的基本原理及结构 11 2.2电路结构及性能分析…15 2.2.1电路结构… 15 2.2.2温度系数分析… 17 2.2.3输出噪声分析… 8 2.2.4电源抑制分析. 23 2.2.5误差分析 27 2.3电路实现… 28 2.4电路在系统中的考虑… 29 2.5仿真结果… 30 2.5.1直流特性 30 2.5.2环路特性 35 2.5.3电源抑制… 38 2.5.4输出噪声 41 2.5.5启动时间… 43 2.6本章小结… 44 第三章电压一电流转换电路设计 45 3.1前言… 45 3.2电路结构及性能分析… 46
I 目 录 图目录 ························································································ III 表目录 ························································································ V 摘 要 ························································································· 1 Abstract ······················································································ 3 第一章 概述 ················································································ 5 1.1 研究动机 ·········································································· 5 1.2 研究内容及贡献 ································································· 6 1.3 论文组织结构 ···································································· 6 第二章 带隙基准电压源电路设计 ····················································· 7 2.1 前言 ················································································ 7 2.1.1 带隙基准源的发展历史 ··············································· 7 2.1.2 国内外研究现状 ························································ 8 2.1.3 主要性能指标 ··························································· 9 2.1.4 带隙基准源的基本原理及结构 ···································· 11 2.2 电路结构及性能分析 ························································· 15 2.2.1 电路结构 ······························································· 15 2.2.2 温度系数分析 ························································· 17 2.2.3 输出噪声分析 ························································· 18 2.2.4 电源抑制分析 ························································· 23 2.2.5 误差分析 ······························································· 27 2.3 电路实现 ········································································ 28 2.4 电路在系统中的考虑 ························································· 29 2.5 仿真结果 ········································································ 30 2.5.1 直流特性 ······························································· 30 2.5.2 环路特性 ······························································· 35 2.5.3 电源抑制 ······························································· 38 2.5.4 输出噪声 ······························································· 41 2.5.5 启动时间 ······························································· 43 2.6 本章小结 ········································································ 44 第三章 电压—电流转换电路设计 ··················································· 45 3.1 前言 ·············································································· 45 3.2 电路结构及性能分析 ························································· 46
3.2.1电路结构 46 3.2.2电源抑制分析… 49 3.3电路实现 … 51 3.4仿真结果… 51 第四章温度检测电路设计… 53 4.1前言 …53 4.2电路分析及实现… …54 4.2.1电路分析 …54 4.2.2电路实现… 55 4.3仿真结果 56 第五章总结与展望… 61 5.1总结… 61 5.2展望… 61 致谢… 63 参考文献… 65
II 3.2.1 电路结构 ······························································· 46 3.2.2 电源抑制分析 ························································· 49 3.3 电路实现 ········································································ 51 3.4 仿真结果 ········································································ 51 第四章 温度检测电路设计 ···························································· 53 4.1 前言 ·············································································· 53 4.2 电路分析及实现 ······························································· 54 4.2.1 电路分析 ······························································· 54 4.2.2 电路实现 ······························································· 55 4.3 仿真结果 ········································································ 56 第五章 总结与展望 ····································································· 61 5.1 总结 ·············································································· 61 5.2 展望 ·············································································· 61 致谢 ··························································································· 63 参考文献 ····················································································· 65
图目录 图21带隙基准电压源基本原理图… …12 图2-2NPN型BJT… 12 图2-3正温度系数电压的产生… …14 图2-4带隙基准电压源温度系数… … 14 图2-5CMOS工艺中pnp双极性晶体管的实现… 15 图2-6带隙基准电压源电路原理图…16 图2-7数字控制PNP管数目的电路实现…17 图2-8带隙基准电压源等效噪声电路… 19 图2-9忽略PNP小信号电阻的等效噪声电路 19 图2-10判断共源共栅管作用电路 20 图2-11最终的噪声等效电路 21 图2-12最终的噪声等效电路的小信号图…21 图2-13分析共源共栅管的第三种作用… 24 图2-14计算带隙基准电压源的PSR… 24 图2-15将电源噪声引入反馈环路的实现 27 图2-16引起带隙基准基准电压源误差的因素…27 图2-17带隙基准电压源电路图…28 图2-18系统供电方案框图…30 图2-193.3V带隙基准电压源的温度曲线（前仿）… 31 图2-20电源电压2.1V时输出温度曲线（前后仿）… 32 图2-211.8V带隙基准电压源输出温度曲线（前后仿）…32 图2-22电源电压为2.1V时温度曲线与工艺角的关系（前仿）… …33 图2-231.8V带隙基准电压源温度曲线与工艺角的关系（前仿） 33 图2-24电源电压为2.1V时输出参考电压的蒙特卡罗仿真（前仿）…34 图2-251.8V带隙基准电压源输出参考电压的蒙特卡罗仿真（前仿）…34 图2-263.3V带隙基准电压源输出参考电压的线性调整率（后仿） …35 图2-27电源电压为2.1V时环路交流特性（后仿） 36 图2-281.8V带隙基准电压源环路交流特性（后仿） 36 图2-29电源电压为2.1V时环路交流特性与工艺角的关系（后仿）…37 图2-301.8V带隙基准电压源环路交流特性与工艺角的关系（后仿） …37 图2-31相位裕度随电源电压的变化（后仿） 38 图2-32电源抑制与电源电压的关系（后仿）…39 o
III 图目录 图 2-1 带隙基准电压源基本原理图·················································· 12 图 2-2 NPN 型 BJT ····································································· 12 图 2-3 正温度系数电压的产生························································ 14 图 2-4 带隙基准电压源温度系数····················································· 14 图 2-5 CMOS 工艺中 pnp 双极性晶体管的实现 ································· 15 图 2-6 带隙基准电压源电路原理图·················································· 16 图 2-7 数字控制 PNP 管数目的电路实现 ·········································· 17 图 2-8 带隙基准电压源等效噪声电路··············································· 19 图 2-9 忽略 PNP 小信号电阻的等效噪声电路 ···································· 19 图 2-10 判断共源共栅管作用电路 ··················································· 20 图 2-11 最终的噪声等效电路 ························································· 21 图 2-12 最终的噪声等效电路的小信号图 ·········································· 21 图 2-13 分析共源共栅管的第三种作用 ············································· 24 图 2-14 计算带隙基准电压源的 PSR ··············································· 24 图 2-15 将电源噪声引入反馈环路的实现 ·········································· 27 图 2-16 引起带隙基准基准电压源误差的因素 ···································· 27 图 2-17 带隙基准电压源电路图 ······················································ 28 图 2-18 系统供电方案框图 ···························································· 30 图 2-19 3.3 V 带隙基准电压源的温度曲线(前仿) ································ 31 图 2-20 电源电压 2.1 V 时输出温度曲线(前后仿) ······························· 32 图 2-21 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源输出温度曲线(前后仿) ·························· 32 图 2-22 电源电压为 2.1 V 时温度曲线与工艺角的关系(前仿) ················· 33 图 2-23 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源温度曲线与工艺角的关系(前仿) ·············· 33 图 2-24 电源电压为 2.1 V 时输出参考电压的蒙特卡罗仿真(前仿) ··········· 34 图 2-25 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源输出参考电压的蒙特卡罗仿真(前仿) ········ 34 图 2-26 3.3 V 带隙基准电压源输出参考电压的线性调整率(后仿) ··········· 35 图 2-27 电源电压为 2.1 V 时环路交流特性(后仿) ······························· 36 图 2-28 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源环路交流特性(后仿) ····························· 36 图 2-29 电源电压为 2.1 V 时环路交流特性与工艺角的关系(后仿) ··········· 37 图 2-30 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源环路交流特性与工艺角的关系(后仿) ········ 37 图 2-31 相位裕度随电源电压的变化(后仿) ········································ 38 图 2-32 电源抑制与电源电压的关系(后仿) ········································ 39
图2-331.8V带隙基准电压源电源抑制特性（后仿）… 39 图2-34电源电压2.1V时电源抑制与工艺角的关系（后仿）…40 图2-351.8V带隙基准电压源电源抑制与工艺角的关系（后仿） …40 图2-36电源电压为2.1V时输出噪声与工艺角关系（后仿）… …41 图2-371.8V带隙基准参考源输出噪声与工艺角关系（后仿）…42 图2-38输出噪声与电源电压的关系（后仿）… 42 图2-391.8V带隙基准电压源的输出噪声（后仿）… 43 图2-401.8V带隙基准电压源启动时间与工艺角的关系（后仿）…43 图2-41电源电压为2.1V时启动时间与工艺角的关系（后仿）… ………44 图3-1长距离电压偏置 45 图3-2电压一电流转换电路原理图… 45 图33电压一电流转换电路结构图 46 图3-4数字控制电阻阵列… 47 图3-5 Tuning电路原理图… 48 图3-6低压共源共栅电流镜… 48 图3-7计算电源抑制的V2!电路图 49 图3-8V2电路主体部分电路图… 50 图3-9计算运放电源抑制的电路图…50 图3-10V21电路图… 51 图3-11的电源抑制与工艺角的关系…52 图3-12数字控制信号Rctrl与输出参考电流的关系 52 图4-1集成温度传感器原理图…54 图4-2温度检测电路结构图 54 图4-3运放A1的电路图…56 图4-4运放A2的电路图… ……… 56 图4-5温度检测电路的输出电压的温度特性…57 图4-6输出电压与温度的斜率特性…58 图4-7不同工艺角下输出电压的温度特性…58 图4-8不同工艺角下输出电压与温度的斜率特性……59
图 2-33 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源电源抑制特性(后仿) ····························· 39 图 2-34 电源电压 2.1 V 时电源抑制与工艺角的关系(后仿) ···················· 40 图 2-35 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源电源抑制与工艺角的关系(后仿) ·············· 40 图 2-36 电源电压为 2.1 V 时输出噪声与工艺角关系(后仿) ····················· 41 图 2-37 1.8 V 带隙基准参考源输出噪声与工艺角关系(后仿) ················· 42 图 2-38 输出噪声与电源电压的关系(后仿) ········································ 42 图 2-39 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源的输出噪声(后仿) ································ 43 图 2-40 1.8 V 带隙基准电压源启动时间与工艺角的关系(后仿) ·············· 43 图 2-41 电源电压为 2.1 V 时启动时间与工艺角的关系(后仿) ················· 44 图 3-1 长距离电压偏置 ································································ 45 图 3-2 电压—电流转换电路原理图·················································· 45 图 3-3 电压—电流转换电路结构图·················································· 46 图 3-4 数字控制电阻阵列 ····························································· 47 图 3-5 Tuning 电路原理图 ····························································· 48 图 3-6 低压共源共栅电流镜··························································· 48 图 3-7 计算电源抑制的 V2I 电路图·················································· 49 图 3-8 V2I 电路主体部分电路图 ····················································· 50 图 3-9 计算运放电源抑制的电路图·················································· 50 图 3-10 V2I 电路图······································································ 51 图 3-11 Vr的电源抑制与工艺角的关系 ············································· 52 图 3-12 数字控制信号 Rctrl 与输出参考电流的关系 ···························· 52 图 4-1 集成温度传感器原理图························································ 54 图 4-2 温度检测电路结构图··························································· 54 图 4-3 运放 A1的电路图 ······························································· 56 图 4-4 运放 A2的电路图 ······························································· 56 图 4-5 温度检测电路的输出电压的温度特性 ······································ 57 图 4-6 输出电压与温度的斜率特性·················································· 58 图 4-7 不同工艺角下输出电压的温度特性 ········································· 58 图 4-8 不同工艺角下输出电压与温度的斜率特性 ································ 59