复旦大学：《集成电路工程》教学资源（硕士士学位论文）CMOS宽带可变增益低噪声放大器的设计.pdf

目录目录··························································································I 图目录························································································III 表目录························································································ V 摘要·························································································1 Abstract······················································································3 第一章概述················································································5 1.1 移动数字电视调谐器···························································5 1.2 宽带可变增益低噪声放大器··················································6 1.3 研究内容及贡献·································································8 1.4 论文组织结构····································································8 第二章常见低噪声放大器···························································· 11 2.1 主要性能参数·································································· 11 2.1.1 输入反射损耗系数··················································· 11 2.1.2 噪声系数······························································· 11 2.1.3 线性度·································································· 12 2.1.4 级联的噪声和线性度················································ 12 2.1.5 灵敏度·································································· 13 2.2 传统结构的低噪声放大器··················································· 13 2.2.1 共源结构······························································· 14 2.2.2 共栅结构······························································· 15 2.2.3 电阻反馈结构························································· 15 2.3 跨导增强和电容交叉耦合低噪声放大器································· 16 2.4 噪声抵消低噪声放大器······················································ 18 第三章有源负反馈低噪声放大器··················································· 23 3.1 电压增益和输入阻抗匹配··················································· 23 3.2 噪声系数········································································ 25 3.2.1 噪声因子的计算······················································ 25 3.2.2 噪声因子的优化考虑················································ 27 3.2.3 输入阻抗不匹配对噪声系数的影响······························ 28 3.3 线性度··········································································· 29 3.4 稳定性··········································································· 32 第四章可变增益低噪声放大器的设计············································· 33 4.1 前言·············································································· 33 4.2 高增益模块····································································· 34

4.2.1 偏置电路的考虑······················································ 34 4.2.2 高增益模块 2-dB 增益台阶 ········································ 37 4.3 电阻衰减器····································································· 38 4.3.1 衰减器增益···························································· 38 4.3.2 衰减器的噪声因子··················································· 41 4.4 中间增益········································································ 42 4.5 完整的可变增益低噪声放大器············································· 44 第五章芯片设计和仿真结果 ·························································· 47 5.1 版图设计········································································ 47 5.1.1 低噪声放大器的版图设计·········································· 47 5.1.2 电阻衰减器的版图设计············································· 49 5.1.3 整体版图的布局······················································ 51 5.2 后仿真结果····································································· 51 5.2.1 最高增益低噪声放大器的仿真结果······························ 51 5.2.2 可变增益低噪声放大器的 S11 ····································· 53 5.2.3 可变增益低噪声放大器的增益···································· 54 5.2.4 可变增益低噪声放大器的噪声系数······························ 55 5.2.5 可变增益低噪声放大器的 IIP3 ···································· 56 5.3 设计小结········································································ 57 第六章总结与展望 ······································································ 59 6.1 总结·············································································· 59 6.2 展望·············································································· 59 参考文献···················································································· 61 致谢·························································································· 69

图目录图 1-1 直接下变频结构调谐器结构 ····················································5 图 1-2 (a)多个窄带组成宽带；(b)单个宽带 ··········································7 图 2-1 MOS 管的沟道噪声····························································· 11 图 2-2 电视调谐器的简化级联结构 ·················································· 13 图 2-3 共源结构 ·········································································· 14 图 2-4 共栅结构 ·········································································· 15 图 2-5 电阻反馈结构 ···································································· 16 图 2-6 跨导增强共栅低噪声放大器 ·················································· 16 图 2-7 电容交叉耦合差分低噪声放大器 ············································ 17 图 2-8 电阻负反馈匹配电路的(a)噪声和(b)有用信号 ···························· 18 图 2-9 噪声抵消低噪声放大器示意图 ··············································· 18 图 2-10 宽带噪声抵消低噪声放大器················································· 19 图 2-11 噪声抵消技术的另一种实现················································· 21 图 3-1 有源负反馈低噪声放大器 ····················································· 23 图 3-2 计算输入阻抗的小信号等效电路图 ········································· 23 图 3-3 不同增益对应的 RF和 gm2的值·············································· 24 图 3-4 计算噪声电流 in1到输出电压 vn,out的传输函数的等效小信号电路图 25 图 3-5 输入阻抗对噪声系数的影响 ·················································· 28 图 3-6 低噪声放大器中非线性失真的产生 ········································· 29 图 3-7 对不同电压增益 AV，IIP3随 RF的变化关系 ······························ 31 图 4-1 可变增益低噪声放大器的两种实现方式 ··································· 33 图 4-2 衰减后再放大的可变增益低噪声放大器结构 ····························· 33 图 4-3 可变增益的低噪声放大器 ····················································· 35 图 4-4 共栅管栅极偏置电压开关的实现 ············································ 35 图 4-5 应用恒定跨导偏置技术产生偏置电流 ······································ 36 图 4-6 低噪声放大器的偏置电路 ····················································· 36 图 4-7 可变增益电阻衰减器 ··························································· 39 图 4-8 电阻衰减器中的开关 ··························································· 40 图 4-9 电阻衰减器的噪声因子 ························································ 41 图 4-10 传统 R-2R 电阻衰减器 ······················································· 42 图 4-11 电阻衰减器的噪声系数与电压增益的关系······························· 42 图 4-12 att 与 lna_mg 串联实现放大器的中间增益 ······························ 42 图 4-13 完整的可变增益低噪声放大器·············································· 45 图 5-1 lna_uhf 的版图··································································· 48

图 5-2 lna_vhf 的版图··································································· 49 图 5-3 att_uhf 的版图 ··································································· 49 图 5-4 att_vhf 的版图 ··································································· 50 图 5-5 整体可变增益低噪声放大器的版图 ········································· 50 图 5-6 UHF 最高增益模式低噪声放大器的增益、NF、S11 ···················· 51 图 5-7 VHF 最高增益模式低噪声放大器的增益、NF、S11····················· 52 图 5-8 UHF 最高增益模式 IIP3仿真结果 ··········································· 52 图 5-9 VHF 最高增益模式 IIP3仿真结果············································ 53 图 5-10 UHF 频段 660 MHz 处 S11随增益的变化································ 53 图 5-11 VHF 频段 150 MHz 处 S11随增益的变化 ································ 54 图 5-12 UHF 的增益及增益台阶······················································ 55 图 5-13 VHF 的增益及增益台阶······················································ 55 图 5-14 UHF 频段 660 MHz 处噪声系数随增益的变化 ························· 56 图 5-15 VHF 频段 150 MHz 处噪声系数随增益的变化 ························· 56 图 5-16 UHF 频段 IIP3随增益的变化················································ 57 图 5-17 VHF 频段 IIP3随增益的变化················································ 57