复旦大学：《集成电路工程》教学资源（硕士士学位论文）CMOS带隙基准源研究.pdf

I 目录图目录 ························································································ III 表目录 ························································································ V 摘要 ······················································································· VII Abstract····················································································· IX 第一章概述 ················································································ 1 1.1 课题背景 ·········································································· 1 1.2 论文主要工作 ···································································· 2 1.3 论文组织结构 ···································································· 4 第二章带隙基准源原理 ································································· 5 2.1 前言 ················································································ 5 2.2 带隙基准电压源原理 ··························································· 5 2.2.1 概述 ······································································· 5 2.2.2 负温度系数电压 ························································ 6 2.2.3 正温度系数电压 ························································ 7 2.2.4 带隙基准电压源 ························································ 8 2.2.5 典型电路分析 ························································· 10 2.3 带隙基准电流源原理 ························································· 11 第三章带隙基准电压源电路实现 ···················································· 15 3.1 前言 ·············································································· 15 3.2 电路结构分析 ·································································· 16 3.2.1 启动电路分析 ························································· 18 3.2.2 误差放大器分析 ······················································ 19 3.2.3 带隙基准电压源核心电路分析 ···································· 20 3.2.4 数字修正及 RC 滤波分析 ·········································· 21 3.3 电路性能分析 ·································································· 22 3.3.1 误差分析 ······························································· 23 3.3.2 温度系数分析 ························································· 24 3.3.3 噪声分析 ······························································· 26 3.3.4 电源抑制比分析 ······················································ 27 3.4 仿真结果 ········································································ 29 3.4.1 直流特性 ······························································· 29 3.4.2 交流特性 ······························································· 32 3.4.3 噪声特性 ······························································· 33

II 3.4.4 电源抑制比特性 ······················································ 35 3.4.5 瞬态特性 ······························································· 37 3.4.6 数字修正特性 ························································· 39 3.5 总结 ·············································································· 39 第四章电压–电流转换电路实现 ···················································· 41 4.1 前言 ·············································································· 41 4.2 电路结构及性能分析 ························································· 41 4.3 仿真结果 ········································································ 43 4.4 总结 ·············································································· 44 第五章温度传感电路实现 ···························································· 45 5.1 前言 ·············································································· 45 5.2 电路结构及性能分析 ························································· 45 5.3 仿真结果 ········································································ 46 5.4 总结 ·············································································· 47 第六章版图设计及后仿真 ···························································· 49 6.1 版图设计的基本考虑 ························································· 49 6.2 带隙基准电压源电路版图实现 ············································· 50 6.2.1 带隙基准电压源的版图设计 ······································· 50 6.2.2 后仿真 ·································································· 50 6.3 电压-电流转换电路版图实现 ··············································· 52 6.3.1 电压-电流转换电路的版图设计 ··································· 52 6.3.2 后仿真 ·································································· 53 6.4 温度传感器电路版图实现 ··················································· 54 6.4.1 温度传感器电路的版图设计 ······································· 54 6.4.2 后仿真 ·································································· 54 第七章总结与展望 ····································································· 57 7.1 总结 ·············································································· 57 7.2 展望 ·············································································· 57 致谢 ·························································································· 59 参考文献 ···················································································· 61

III 图目录图 1–1 带隙基准源系统结构····························································· 2 图 1–2 带隙基准电压源重要参数及性能图示 ········································ 3 图 2–1 理想电流和电压的伏安特性曲线 ·············································· 5 图 2–2 负温度系数电压··································································· 6 图 2–3 PTAT 电压产生电路······························································ 7 图 2–4 发射极面积不同的 PTAT 电压产生电路 ····································· 8 图 2–5 带隙基准的一般原理····························································· 9 图 2–6 带隙基准正负温度曲线加权 ···················································· 9 图 2–7 带隙基准源输出电压随温度变化曲线 ······································ 10 图 2–8 一个传统的带隙基准电压源电路 ············································ 10 图 2–9 PTAT 电流的生成······························································· 12 图 2–10 采用简单放大器生成 PTAT 电流 ·········································· 12 图 2–11 与温度无关的电压的生成 ··················································· 12 图 2–12 电压-电流转换电路原理图 ·················································· 13 图 3–1 带隙基准电压源电路原理图 ·················································· 17 图 3–2 启动电路的电路结构··························································· 18 图 3–3 误差放大器的电路结构························································ 19 图 3–4 带隙基准电压源核心电路的电路结构 ······································ 20 图 3–5 数字铺助控制电路的电路结构 ··············································· 21 图 3–6 RC 滤波器的频率特性 ························································ 22 图 3–7 带隙基准电压源电路中误差源的分类 ······································ 22 图 3–8 引起带隙基准电压源电路误差的因素 ······································ 24 图 3–9 温度系数曲线···································································· 24 图 3–10 带隙基准电压源的等效噪声电路 ·········································· 26 图 3–11 使用并联反馈调节输出电压的电路结构 ································· 28 图 3–12 直观的 PSRR 分析模型 ····················································· 28 图 3–13 直观的 PSRR 分析模型 ····················································· 29 图 3–13 电源电压变化对温度曲线的影响 ·········································· 29 图 3–14 工艺角的变化对温度曲线的影响 ·········································· 30 图 3–15 电源电压变化对环路增益的影响 ·········································· 32 图 3–16 电源电压变化对环路相位裕度的影响 ···································· 32 图 3–17 工艺角的变化对环路增益的影响 ·········································· 33 图 3–18 工艺角的变化对环路相位裕度的影响 ···································· 33

IV 图 3–19 电源电压变化对噪声的影响 ················································ 34 图 3–20 工艺角的变化对噪声的影响 ················································ 34 图 3–21 无 RC 滤波时电源电压变化对 PSR 的影响····························· 35 图 3–22 有 RC 滤波时电源电压变化对 PSR 的影响····························· 35 图 3–23 VDD为 2.1V 有 RC 滤波时工艺角的变化对 PSR 特性的影响 ······· 36 图 3–24 VDD为 3.3V 有 RC 滤波时工艺角的变化对 PSR 特性的影响 ······· 36 图 3–25 电源电压为 3.3V 时的瞬态特性 ··········································· 37 图 3–26 电源电压变化对瞬态特性的影响 ·········································· 37 图 3–27 VDD为 2.1V 时工艺角的变化对瞬态特性的影响 ······················· 38 图 3–28 VDD为 3.3V 时工艺角的变化对瞬态特性的影响 ······················· 38 图 3–29 带隙基准电压源的建立时间 ················································ 38 图 3–30 数字修正电路正对温度曲线的影响 ······································· 39 图 4–1 电流镜结构示意图······························································ 41 图 4–2 电压-电流转换电路····························································· 42 图 4–3 电阻阵列电路···································································· 42 图 4–4 环路交流特性···································································· 43 图 4–5 PSRR 特性 ······································································ 43 图 4–6 工艺角的变化对输出电流的影响 ············································ 44 图 5–1 温度传感电路···································································· 45 图 5–2 环路交流特性···································································· 46 图 5–3 PSRR 特性 ······································································ 46 图 5–4 与温度一一对应的输出电压 ·················································· 47 图 5–5 输出电压曲线的斜率··························································· 47 图 6–1 带隙基准电压源电路的版图 ·················································· 50 图 6–2 带隙基准电压源的前后仿温度曲线对比 ··································· 51 图 6–3 带隙基准电压源的前后仿噪声对比 ········································· 51 图 6–4 带隙基准电压源的前后仿电源抑制比对比 ································ 52 图 6–5 电压-电流转换电路的版图···················································· 52 图 6–6 电压-电流转换电路的前后仿输出电流对比 ······························· 53 图 6–7 电压-电流转换电路的前后仿电源抑制比对比 ···························· 53 图 6–8 温度传感器电路的版图························································ 54 图 6–9 温度传感器电路的前后仿输出电压对比 ··································· 54 图 6–10 温度传感器电路的前后仿输出电压斜率对比 ··························· 55 图 6–11 温度传感器电路的前后仿电源抑制比对比 ······························ 55