学校代码：10246 学号：10212020043 復旦大篓 硕士学位论文 数字电视调谐器中的信道选择滤波器设计 院 系： 微电子学系 专 业： 微电子学与固体电子学 姓 名： 王心 指导教师： 唐长文 完成日期： 2013年4月10日
学校代码：10246 学 号：10212020043 硕 士 学 位 论 文 数字电视调谐器中的信道选择滤波器设计 院 系： 微电子学系 专 业： 微电子学与固体电子学 姓 名： 王 心 指 导 教 师： 唐长文 完 成 日 期： 2013 年 4 月 10 日
目录 图目录… …川 表目录… …V 摘要… …V Abstract… X 第一章绪论… …1 1.1研究背景… …1 1.2研究内容 ……2 1.3论文组织 3 第二章系统指标分析与设计… 5 2.1接收机输入信号特性 5 2.1.1接收机载噪比… 5 2.1.2最小输入功率和最大输入功率… 6 2.2模拟基带性能指标… 8 2.2.1增益控制… ……8 2.2.2噪声系数和线性度 …11 2.2.3滤波器设计指标 15 2.3滤波器的系统考虑… …16 2.3.1滤波器的类型和结构选择… …16 232滤波器级联…。 …17 2.3.3增益控制和带宽调节… …18 第三章线性度和噪声的优化设计… 21 3.1系统非线性的表征… 21 3.1.1非线性时不变系统的级联…21 3.1.2三阶交调的伏尔特拉级数表示… 22 3.2双二次结构的线性度和噪声… 22 3.2.1双二次结构的线性度… 22 3.2.2双二次结构的噪声…。 28 3.2.3线性度和噪声的优化及参数确定… 29 3.3不同带宽下的线性度和噪声 31 第四章非理想特性… …35 4.1前言… 35
I 目 录 图目录 ····························································································III 表目录 ·····························································································V 摘 要 ···························································································VII Abstract ·························································································IX 第一章 绪论 ····················································································1 1.1 研究背景 ··············································································1 1.2 研究内容 ··············································································2 1.3 论文组织 ··············································································3 第二章 系统指标分析与设计·······························································5 2.1 接收机输入信号特性 ·······························································5 2.1.1 接收机载噪比 ·································································5 2.1.2 最小输入功率和最大输入功率 ············································6 2.2 模拟基带性能指标 ··································································8 2.2.1 增益控制 ·······································································8 2.2.2 噪声系数和线性度 ··························································11 2.2.3 滤波器设计指标 ·····························································15 2.3 滤波器的系统考虑 ·································································16 2.3.1 滤波器的类型和结构选择 ·················································16 2.3.2 滤波器级联 ···································································17 2.3.3 增益控制和带宽调节 ·······················································18 第三章 线性度和噪声的优化设计························································21 3.1 系统非线性的表征 ·································································21 3.1.1 非线性时不变系统的级联 ·················································21 3.1.2 三阶交调的伏尔特拉级数表示 ···········································22 3.2 双二次结构的线性度和噪声 ·····················································22 3.2.1 双二次结构的线性度 ·······················································22 3.2.2 双二次结构的噪声 ··························································28 3.2.3 线性度和噪声的优化及参数确定········································29 3.3 不同带宽下的线性度和噪声 ·····················································31 第四章 非理想特性··········································································35 4.1 前言 ···················································································35
4.2非理想效应… …35 4.2.1非理想积分器模型…35 4.2.2非理想双二次结构的传递函数…37 4.3电路设计与改进 39 4.3.1增益误差的减小及有效品质因数的矫正… 39 4.3.2跨导放大器线性度模型及设计… 42 第五章频率校准与直流消除… …47 5.1滤波器参数稳定性… 47 5.2片上频率校准电路回顾… 48 5.2.1基于锁相环的校准 49 5.2.2基于开关电容技术的校准 50 5.2.3基于计数器和数字逻辑的校准… 50 5.3改进的频率校准方法… 51 5.3.1电路结构… 51 5.3.2误差分析 53 5.4直流失调消除 55 5.4.1接收机中的直流失调… 55 5.4.2直流失调消除电路… 56 第六章芯片实现及测试结果… 59 6.1电路实现… 59 6.2测试结果与对比 60 6.2.1线性度测试结果… 60 6.2.2频带选择测试结果… 61 6.2.3增益及带内纹波测试结果 62 6.2.4性能总结与对比 63 第七章总结与展望… …65 7.1总结… …65 7.2研究展望… 65 参考文献… …67 致谢… …71 0
II 4.2 非理想效应 ··········································································35 4.2.1 非理想积分器模型 ··························································35 4.2.2 非理想双二次结构的传递函数 ···········································37 4.3 电路设计与改进 ····································································39 4.3.1 增益误差的减小及有效品质因数的矫正·······························39 4.3.2 跨导放大器线性度模型及设计 ···········································42 第五章 频率校准与直流消除······························································47 5.1 滤波器参数稳定性 ·································································47 5.2 片上频率校准电路回顾 ···························································48 5.2.1 基于锁相环的校准 ··························································49 5.2.2 基于开关电容技术的校准 ·················································50 5.2.3 基于计数器和数字逻辑的校准 ···········································50 5.3 改进的频率校准方法 ······························································51 5.3.1 电路结构 ······································································51 5.3.2 误差分析 ······································································53 5.4 直流失调消除 ·······································································55 5.4.1 接收机中的直流失调 ·······················································55 5.4.2 直流失调消除电路 ··························································56 第六章 芯片实现及测试结果······························································59 6.1 电路实现 ·············································································59 6.2 测试结果与对比 ····································································60 6.2.1 线性度测试结果 ·····························································60 6.2.2 频带选择测试结果 ··························································61 6.2.3 增益及带内纹波测试结果 ·················································62 6.2.4 性能总结与对比 ·····························································63 第七章 总结与展望··········································································65 7.1 总结 ···················································································65 7.2 研究展望 ·············································································65 参考文献···························································································67 致 谢 ·······························································································71
图目录 图2-1MBRA测试标准中接收机系统框图.… .5 图2-2接收机输入信号功率谱… 7 图2-3接收机的增益分配和各级载噪比变化. .8 图2-4模拟基带输入信号功率谱及信道选择 9 图2-5阻带衰减对功率百分比的影响.... 10 图2-6 邻道抑制对功率百分比的影响.… 10 图2-7 信噪失真比随输入功率的变化… 11 图2-8 基带噪声和交调失真对系统信噪失真比的影响 13 图2-9基带噪声系数对前端噪声系数指标的影响.… 14 图2-10基带三阶交调对前端三阶交调指标的影响 14 图2-11Tow-Thomas ll双二次结构电路图..... 16 图2-12零极点配对方式。 17 图2-13六阶滤波器系统方案.。 18 图2-14双二次结构可变增益和带宽的实现 19 图31伏尔特拉算子对输入信号的作用 21 图3-2非线性系统和线性系统的级联 21 图3-3 双二次结构非线性分析模型… 23 图3-4双二次结构等效非线性级联系统 23 图3-5双二次结构小信号半边等效电路图 24 图3-6线性度理论计算值和仿真值的比较 27 图3-7双二次结构噪声分析模型... 28 图3-8噪声理论计算值和仿真值的比较 30 图3-9双二次结构的线性度和噪声.... 31 图3-10滤波器带宽的连续调节 33 图4-1理想积分器及其信号流图..… 35 图4-2非理想积分器信号流图 36 图4-3非理想双二次结构信号流图.… 37 图4-4R妇和R。电阻阵列的传统实现电路 40 图4-5R。电阻阵列改进方案 41 图4-6R。电阻阵列改进方案二 41
III 图目录 图 2-1 MBRAI 测试标准中接收机系统框图.................................................... 5 图 2-2 接收机输入信号功率谱 ....................................................................... 7 图 2-3 接收机的增益分配和各级载噪比变化.................................................. 8 图 2-4 模拟基带输入信号功率谱及信道选择.................................................. 9 图 2-5 阻带衰减对功率百分比的影响 .......................................................... 10 图 2-6 邻道抑制对功率百分比的影响 .......................................................... 10 图 2-7 信噪失真比随输入功率的变化 .......................................................... 11 图 2-8 基带噪声和交调失真对系统信噪失真比的影响 ................................. 13 图 2-9 基带噪声系数对前端噪声系数指标的影响......................................... 14 图 2-10 基带三阶交调对前端三阶交调指标的影响 ........................................ 14 图 2-11 Tow-Thomas II 双二次结构电路图 ................................................... 16 图 2-12 零极点配对方式................................................................................ 17 图 2-13 六阶滤波器系统方案......................................................................... 18 图 2-14 双二次结构可变增益和带宽的实现 ................................................... 19 图 3-1 伏尔特拉算子对输入信号的作用....................................................... 21 图 3-2 非线性系统和线性系统的级联 .......................................................... 21 图 3-3 双二次结构非线性分析模型.............................................................. 23 图 3-4 双二次结构等效非线性级联系统....................................................... 23 图 3-5 双二次结构小信号半边等效电路图 ................................................... 24 图 3-6 线性度理论计算值和仿真值的比较 ................................................... 27 图 3-7 双二次结构噪声分析模型.................................................................. 28 图 3-8 噪声理论计算值和仿真值的比较....................................................... 30 图 3-9 双二次结构的线性度和噪声.............................................................. 31 图 3-10 滤波器带宽的连续调节..................................................................... 33 图 4-1 理想积分器及其信号流图.................................................................. 35 图 4-2 非理想积分器信号流图 ..................................................................... 36 图 4-3 非理想双二次结构信号流图.............................................................. 37 图 4-4 Ra 和 Rc 电阻阵列的传统实现电路 .................................................... 40 图 4-5 Rc 电阻阵列改进方案一 .................................................................... 41 图 4-6 Rc 电阻阵列改进方案二 .................................................................... 41
图4-7两种跨导放大器的频率响应…。 43 图4-8 两种跨导放大器的功耗比较.... ...43 图4-9前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器电路原理图. 44 图4-10差分跨导单元. .44 图4-11前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器的非线性模型..… .45 图4-12前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器开环频率响应仿真结果 46 图5-1滤波器截止频率偏移造成的影响...… 48 图5-2 使用VCF和VCO的锁相环路频率校准电路.… 49 图5-3基于计数器的频率校准电路… 50 图5-4改进的频率校准电路. 51 图5-5频率校准电路的充电计数过程 51 图5-6自动频率校准的工作过程. 52 图5-7 计数误差分析... 53 图5-8直接变频接收机中的三种自混现象 55 图5-9 跨导放大器等效输入失调电压. 56 图5-10直流失调消除电路... 57 图5-11直流失调消除环路的高通特性 57 图5-12直流失调下滤波器的频率响应..… 58 图6-1 信道选择滤波器电路系统框图.… 59 图6-2调谐器模拟基带芯片照片. 59 图6-3双音测试频谱分析仪截图 60 图6-40dB增益下的双音测试结果..… 60 图6-5频带选择特性测试结果 61 图6-6增益范围和带内纹波测试结果 62 图6-7不同增益模式下的增益误差.… 62 I
IV 图 4-7 两种跨导放大器的频率响应.............................................................. 43 图 4-8 两种跨导放大器的功耗比较.............................................................. 43 图 4-9 前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器电路原理图 ............................................ 44 图 4-10 差分跨导单元 ................................................................................... 44 图 4-11 前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器的非线性模型 ........................................ 45 图 4-12 前馈零点补偿型跨导放大器开环频率响应仿真结果 .......................... 46 图 5-1 滤波器截止频率偏移造成的影响....................................................... 48 图 5-2 使用 VCF 和 VCO 的锁相环路频率校准电路 .................................... 49 图 5-3 基于计数器的频率校准电路.............................................................. 50 图 5-4 改进的频率校准电路......................................................................... 51 图 5-5 频率校准电路的充电计数过程 .......................................................... 51 图 5-6 自动频率校准的工作过程.................................................................. 52 图 5-7 计数误差分析 ................................................................................... 53 图 5-8 直接变频接收机中的三种自混现象 ................................................... 55 图 5-9 跨导放大器等效输入失调电压 .......................................................... 56 图 5-10 直流失调消除电路 ............................................................................ 57 图 5-11 直流失调消除环路的高通特性 .......................................................... 57 图 5-12 直流失调下滤波器的频率响应 .......................................................... 58 图 6-1 信道选择滤波器电路系统框图 .......................................................... 59 图 6-2 调谐器模拟基带芯片照片.................................................................. 59 图 6-3 双音测试频谱分析仪截图.................................................................. 60 图 6-4 0 dB 增益下的双音测试结果............................................................. 60 图 6-5 频带选择特性测试结果 ..................................................................... 61 图 6-6 增益范围和带内纹波测试结果 .......................................................... 62 图 6-7 不同增益模式下的增益误差.............................................................. 62