Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential for cell division , Adequate folate intakes is crucial even before conception because rapid cell division occurs in the first days and weeks of pregnancy. Folate is believed to be essential for proper formation of neural tube. Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 can also result in megaloblastic anemia. Vitamins
Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential for cell division , Adequate folate intakes is crucial even before conception because rapid cell division occurs in the first days and weeks of pregnancy. Folate is believed to be essential for proper formation of neural tube. Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 can also result in megaloblastic anemia. Vitamins
megaloblastic anemia : reticulocytes cells must be constantly replenished via new synthesis of DNA and RNA
megaloblastic anemia : reticulocytes cells must be constantly replenished via new synthesis of DNA and RNA
Vertebrae Vertebrae Spinal cord Spinal cord Spin Normal spine Spine with Spine with mild spina bifida severe spina bifida EICIRE 137
◼ Vitamin A High dietary intakes of preformed vitamin A (>10,000IU) can cause birth defects in humans and animals. Vitamin D Vitamin C
◼ Vitamin A High dietary intakes of preformed vitamin A (>10,000IU) can cause birth defects in humans and animals. Vitamin D Vitamin C
Maternal Malnutrition and Pregnancy Outcome ◼ Low birth weight ◼ Premature ◼ Intrauterine growth retardation ◼ Stillbirth ◼ Increased early newborn deaths ◼ Malformation
Maternal Malnutrition and Pregnancy Outcome ◼ Low birth weight ◼ Premature ◼ Intrauterine growth retardation ◼ Stillbirth ◼ Increased early newborn deaths ◼ Malformation