3.相关概念和研究背景文本难度(textdifficulty)文本不易于理解的程度(Lee,2011)·易读性(readability)文本易于阅读和理解的程度或性质(李绍山,2000)--易读性公式(readabilityformulus)Chall(1947);Dole&Chall(1948)·文本复杂度(textcomplexity)美国共同核心课程标准(CCSS,2010)Co
⚫ 文本难度(text difficulty) 文本不易于理解的程度(Lee, 2011) ⚫ 易读性(readability) 文本易于阅读和理解的程度或性质(李绍山,2000) -易读性公式(readability formulus) Chall(1947); Dole & Chall(1948) ⚫ 文本复杂度(text complexity) 美国共同核心课程标准(CCSS, 2010) 6 3. 相关概念和研究背景
4.文本难度的测定1.基于文本因素的测定(量化测定)--易读性公式(readabilityformulas)“通常可以给出数字得分以评价书或者篇章型阅读材料的难易度,并可以按照其难易程度进行排序”(Fry,2002)Flesch:每100词音节数:每句平均单词数Mugford:词长(每词字母数);(每100词)句子数FryGraph:每100词平均句子数;每100词平均音节数Dale-Chall:每句平均单词数;生疏词百分比Forcast:每150词中单音节词数蓝斯分级(LexileLevel)http://www.lexile.com词汇难度:词频(生疏词百分比)、词长(每个词汇的音节数/字母数)句子难度:句长
4. 文本难度的测定 1. 基于文本因素的测定(量化测定) -易读性公式(readability formulas) “通常可以给出数字得分以评价书或者篇章型阅读材料的难易 度,并可以按照其难易程度进行排序”(Fry, 2002) ⚫ Flesch:每100词音节数;每句平均单词数 ⚫ Mugford:词长(每词字母数);(每100词)句子数 ⚫ Fry Graph:每100词平均句子数;每100词平均音节数 ⚫ Dale-Chall:每句平均单词数;生疏词百分比 ⚫ Forcast:每150词中单音节词数 ⚫ 蓝斯分级(Lexile Level)http://www.lexile.com 词汇难度:词频(生疏词百分比)、词长(每个词汇的音节 数/字母数)句子难度:句长
例:Fry(1968)1.从文本的开头、中间、结尾处分别摘取100字的段落(one-hundred-word passage) 。计算每100字的句子数,求平均。2.3.计算每100字的音节数,求平均。将求得的平均句长和平均音节数代入“求易读性图表(4Graph for Estimating Readability)”,找出相对应学ExampleSyllables perSentences per100words100words1229.1100-word samplePage51408.5100-wordsamplePage891297.0100-wordsamplePage1603)3913)24.61308.2Average
例:Fry(1968) 1. 从文本的开头、中间、结尾处分别摘取100字的段落(o ne-hundred-word passage)。 2. 计算每100字的句子数,求平均。 3. 计算每100字的音节数,求平均。 4. 将求得的平均句长和平均音节数代入“求易读性图表( Graph for Estimating Readability)”,找出相对应学 年
Graphfor Estimating Readabilityby Edward Fry,RutgersUniversity ReadingCenterAverage number of syllables per 100 wordsShort wordsLong words1081121161201241281321361401441481521561601641681723388853088558938338auasuoPROXIMATE9GRADELEVEL10
limitations?(1) He likes music, she likes books, and I like good food.(2) He who comes first is served first.(3) The man that lent me the book that you have justread died last night(4) The man lent me the book you have just read, buthe died last night.诗
limitations? (1)He likes music, she likes books, and I like good f ood. (2)He who comes first is served first. (3)The man that lent me the book that you have just read died last night. (4)The man lent me the book you have just read, but he died last night. 诗