和贤学海南医学院HAINAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITYTeaching Syllabus ofDiagnostics(For M.B.B.S)Department of Diagnostics, Hainan medical University
HAINAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Teaching Syllabus of Diagnostics (For M.B.B.S) Department of Diagnostics, Hainan medical University
Physical diagnosticsIntroductionRequirementTo explain that Physical diagnostics is a significant connecting coursefrom the basis to the clinic in medical education, and is an importantelement for clinical special subject. It is akey course for cultivatingmedical students in basic skill and clinical practical competence.Toemphasizethe importance of mastering correctway of inquisition andsystematic physical check-up,it is not allowed to ignore under anycircumstances.In addition, objective diagnostic thinking approachshould be established in order to achieve the goal of proper understandingdiseases.Teaching contentsl. To learn the significance of clinical diagnosis2. The position and role of diagnostics in clinical medicine3.Thefundamental contents of physical diagnostics:common symptoms,inquisition, medical check-up, electrocardiography, ultrasonicexamination,casefilerecordinganddiagnosticthinkingmethods,thesummary of advanceddiagnostic method.4. The method and requirement for diagnostics learning[Teaching contentsl:one teaching hour[Teaching method]: lectureChapter 1 common symptoms and interrelated inquisition[Objective and requirement]In the teaching of these subjects stress shall be laid on basic principlesof the subjects with more emphasis on their applied aspects.By means of clinical common symptoms, teacher should narrate theassociationbetweenclinicalsymptomaticmanifestationandpathophysiology or anatomopathology.Students should understand thefeatures of common symptoms and inferthe rest from what is alreadyknown
Physical diagnostics Introduction Requirement To explain that Physical diagnostics is a significant connecting course from the basis to the clinic in medical education, and is an important element for clinical special subject. It is a key course for cultivating medical students in basic skill and clinical practical competence. To emphasize the importance of mastering correct way of inquisition and systematic physical check-up, it is not allowed to ignore under any circumstances. In addition, objective diagnostic thinking approach should be established in order to achieve the goal of proper understanding diseases. Teaching contents 1. To learn the significance of clinical diagnosis 2. The position and role of diagnostics in clinical medicine 3. The fundamental contents of physical diagnostics: common symptoms, inquisition, medical check-up, electrocardiography, ultrasonic examination, case file recording and diagnostic thinking methods, the summary of advanced diagnostic method. 4. The method and requirement for diagnostics learning [Teaching contents]: one teaching hour [Teaching method]: lecture Chapter 1 common symptoms and interrelated inquisition [Objective and requirement] In the teaching of these subjects stress shall be laid on basic principles of the subjects with more emphasis on their applied aspects. By means of clinical common symptoms, teacher should narrate the association between clinical symptomatic manifestation and pathophysiology or anatomopathology. Students should understand the features of common symptoms and infer the rest from what is already known
and then should know the causes and mechanism. The importance of symptomanalysis on diagnosis should be stressed thoroughly for students:students should be taught how to inquire patients about related symptoms.Teaching contents: fever, dyspnea, cough, expectoration and hemoptysis,edema, jaundice, disturbance of consciousness.一,Fever()overview of fever（二)pathogeny and sortl. infective fever2. noninfective fever（三）occurrencemechanism（四）clinical occurrence: grade of fever, clinical features of fever(五)pattern of fever:continuousfever,remittentfever,intermittentundulantfever,relapsingfever,episodic fever,fever,pel-epstein fever二、 edemapathophysiology, clinical occurrence, idiopathic edema, tropical edema,angioedema.三、dyspneaIn the teaching of dyspnea stress should be laid on the pathophysiologyand clinical occurrence of dyspnea, in addition the differentiatediagnosis on dyspnea of heart origin (left ventricle failure and rightventricle failure:dyspnea of respiratory origin (exhale, inhale andmixed.四、cough,expectoration,hemoptysisCauses and clinical features五、jaundiceThe pathogenesisof jaundice should be stressed, so students could havea clear understanding of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, conjugatedhyperbilirubinemia and mixed hyperbilirubinemia.Clinical occurrence: pruritus, urine color, acholic feces
and then should know the causes and mechanism. The importance of symptom analysis on diagnosis should be stressed thoroughly for students; students should be taught how to inquire patients about related symptoms. Teaching contents: fever, dyspnea, cough, expectoration and hemoptysis, edema, jaundice, disturbance of consciousness. 一、Fever ﹙一﹚overview of fever ﹙二﹚pathogeny and sort 1. infective fever 2. noninfective fever ﹙三﹚occurrence mechanism ﹙四﹚clinical occurrence：grade of fever, clinical features of fever ﹙五﹚pattern of fever: continuous fever, remittent fever, intermittent fever, undulant fever, relapsing fever, episodic fever, pel-epstein fever 二、edema pathophysiology, clinical occurrence, idiopathic edema, tropical edema, angioedema. 三、dyspnea In the teaching of dyspnea stress should be laid on the pathophysiology and clinical occurrence of dyspnea, in addition the differentiate diagnosis on dyspnea of heart origin (left ventricle failure and right ventricle failure; dyspnea of respiratory origin (exhale, inhale and mixed. 四、cough, expectoration, hemoptysis Causes and clinical features 五、jaundice The pathogenesisof jaundice should be stressed, so students could have a clear understanding of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and mixed hyperbilirubinemia. Clinical occurrence: pruritus, urine color, acholic feces
六，disturbance of consciousness(-)pathophysiology(二) clinical occurrence: metabolic encephalopathy, transtentorialherniation and brainstem injury（三）syncope[Teaching hours] 10 hours[Teaching method]According to the clinical situation, 5~6 common symptoms can beselected to teach in class, other symptoms can be taught in clinicaldemonstration or clinical practice.Demonstration and audiovisuals canbe used forteaching othercommon symptoms, students should learn to observe, discuss and analysisthese symptoms.Chapter 2 Physical examinationphysical examination, vital signs and anthropomorphic data[Objective and requirement]Students should understand and know how to use the basic method:inspection,palpation,percussion, auscultation.Understanding the examination contents of general state and thesignificance of normal and abnormal.Understanding the point ofsystematicphysical三、correctexamination.[Teaching content]The methods of inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.Gender, age and the relation to diseasesBody temperature (method of measuring, normal body temperature,diurnal variation and simultaneous temperature in various regions),respirations, the pulse, blood pressure and pulse pressure. The clinicalimportance of the four vital signs should be stressed and analyzed.四、Anthropomorphic data and the judgment of growth and nutritionalstate, height and weight.五、The common abnormalities of psychiatricand social disorders.Causes of gait disorders.六、Recognitionofskincoloration,moisture,skineruption,intradermal hemorrhage and scar and their clinical meanings
六、disturbance of consciousness （一） pathophysiology （二） clinical occurrence: metabolic encephalopathy, transtentorial herniation and brainstem injury （三） syncope [Teaching hours] 10 hours [Teaching method] 一、 According to the clinical situation, 5~6 common symptoms can be selected to teach in class, other symptoms can be taught in clinical demonstration or clinical practice. 二、 Demonstration and audiovisuals can be used for teaching other common symptoms, students should learn to observe, discuss and analysis these symptoms. Chapter 2 Physical examination physical examination, vital signs and anthropomorphic data [Objective and requirement] 一、 Students should understand and know how to use the basic method: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation. 二、 Understanding the examination contents of general state and the significance of normal and abnormal. 三、 Understanding the point of correct systematic physical examination. [Teaching content] 一、 The methods of inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation. 二、 Gender, age and the relation to diseases 三、 Body temperature (method of measuring, normal body temperature, diurnal variation and simultaneous temperature in various regions), respirations, the pulse, blood pressure and pulse pressure. The clinical importance of the four vital signs should be stressed and analyzed. 四、 Anthropomorphic data and the judgment of growth and nutritional state, height and weight. 五、 The common abnormalities of psychiatric and social disorders. Causes of gait disorders. 六、 Recognition of skin coloration, moisture, skin eruption, intradermal hemorrhage and scar and their clinical meanings
七、The examining method of lymph nodes, the clinical meanings of lymphnode distribution and changing.[Teaching hour] lecture 3 hours,clinical practice 8 hours[Contents] The examine methods and clinical meanings should be stressedin lecture, clinical demonstration and audiovisuals can be used forlearning and practice.Head and neck examination[Objective and requirement]Students should understand the examine sequence and methods for head andneck, and understand the clinical meanings of normal state and abnormalchanging.[Contents]The general examination of external headThe examination of eyes, ears and noseThe examination of mouth and parotid gland, the clinical meanings三、of the examination of lips, buccal mucosa, teeth and gums, tongue,oropharynx and tonsils,larynx and parotidgland.四、The examination of neck:shape and movement,blood vesselsexamination and its clinical meanings,theposition of thyroid gland andtrachea.[Teaching hour] lecture 3 hours, clinical practice 8 hours[Teaching method]Demonstrationbymeans of teachingaid,then studentscan examineeach other and practice more times the examine sequence and methods, andrecognize normal state.Students should learn these examinations and recognize abnormalsigns by demonstration and audiovisuals or in clinical practice, andunderstand the clinical meanings.Chest[Objective and requirement]Students should understand and know how to use the four basicexamine methods (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation) in the
七、 The examining method of lymph nodes, the clinical meanings of lymph node distribution and changing. [Teaching hour] lecture 3 hours, clinical practice 8 hours [Contents] The examine methods and clinical meanings should be stressed in lecture, clinical demonstration and audiovisuals can be used for learning and practice. Head and neck examination [Objective and requirement] Students should understand the examine sequence and methods for head and neck, and understand the clinical meanings of normal state and abnormal changing. [Contents] 一、 The general examination of external head 二、 The examination of eyes, ears and nose 三、 The examination of mouth and parotid gland, the clinical meanings of the examination of lips, buccal mucosa, teeth and gums, tongue, oropharynx and tonsils, larynx and parotid gland. 四、 The examination of neck: shape and movement, blood vessels examination and its clinical meanings, the position of thyroid gland and trachea. [Teaching hour] lecture 3 hours, clinical practice 8 hours [Teaching method] 一、 Demonstration by means of teaching aid, then students can examine each other and practice more times the examine sequence and methods, and recognize normal state. 二、 Students should learn these examinations and recognize abnormal signs by demonstration and audiovisuals or in clinical practice, and understand the clinical meanings. Chest [Objective and requirement] 一、 Students should understand and know how to use the four basic examine methods (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation) in the