examination of chest,lung and heart. They can have fairly accurateexamine results by practice on each other.Students should understand the abnormal signs of lungs and heart,and know how to analyze their clinical meanings.[Contents]The anatomic landmarks and imaginary lines of chest wall, thetopography of lungs and pleuraChest wall and rib cage: subcutaneous emphysema, tendernessinspiratory retraction of interspaces,thoracic deformity and thoracicspine deformity.三、Breast and nipple examination, breast signs.四、Lungs and pleura(-) Inspection:The clinical meanings of increased and decreasedrespiratory rate and changes of rhythm and depth should be taught entirelyto students.(二) Palpation:Testing excursion of thorax, methods of vibratorypalpation and procedure for vibratory palpation.Students should know thecharacteristics of normal vibratory palpation.(三) Percussion:techniques of percussion, definitive percussion ofthe chest,abnormal percussion notes.The sort of percussion: resonant note, hyperresonant note, tympaniticresonance,dullness and flatness.The percussion methods of upper boundand lower bound of lungs and their clinical meanings should be taught inclass.(四)Auscultationl. The sort, features and distribution of normal breath sound (vesicularbreath sound, bronchial breath sound, bronchovesicularbreath sound)2. The clinical meanings of abnormal breath sounds should be taughtclearly to students.3. The mechanism of rales and classification,features and clinicalmeanings.Auscultation of adventitious sounds: crackles, wheezes, rhonchus,special sounds in hydropneumothorax. Auscultation of voice sounds andabnormal voice sounds, Pleural friction rub.4. The mechanism of pleural rale,features and clinical meanings
examination of chest, lung and heart. They can have fairly accurate examine results by practice on each other. 二、 Students should understand the abnormal signs of lungs and heart, and know how to analyze their clinical meanings. [Contents] 一、 The anatomic landmarks and imaginary lines of chest wall, the topography of lungs and pleura 二、 Chest wall and rib cage: subcutaneous emphysema, tenderness, inspiratory retraction of interspaces, thoracic deformity and thoracic spine deformity. 三、 Breast and nipple examination, breast signs. 四、 Lungs and pleura （一） Inspection: The clinical meanings of increased and decreased respiratory rate and changes of rhythm and depth should be taught entirely to students. （二） Palpation: Testing excursion of thorax, methods of vibratory palpation and procedure for vibratory palpation. Students should know the characteristics of normal vibratory palpation. （三） Percussion: techniques of percussion, definitive percussion of the chest, abnormal percussion notes. The sort of percussion: resonant note, hyperresonant note, tympanitic resonance, dullness and flatness. The percussion methods of upper bound and lower bound of lungs and their clinical meanings should be taught in class. (四) Auscultation 1. The sort, features and distribution of normal breath sound （vesicular breath sound, bronchial breath sound, bronchovesicular breath sound） 2. The clinical meanings of abnormal breath sounds should be taught clearly to students. 3. The mechanism of rales and classification,features and clinical meanings. Auscultation of adventitious sounds: crackles, wheezes, rhonchus, special sounds in hydropneumothorax. Auscultation of voice sounds and abnormal voice sounds, Pleural friction rub. 4. The mechanism of pleural rale,features and clinical meanings
5.The examinational methods of vocal resonance,andits clinical meanings(五).main symptoms and signs of common pulmonary diseases;consolidationof lung,pulmonaryemphysema,atelectasis, pleural effusion,pneumothorax.[Teaching hour] lecture 8 hours, practice 18 hous[Teaching method]() Teacher should teach students to check up each other,and inspectthem to master the sequences and methods and understand normal lungssigns.(二) Students should understand and know various abnormal signs of lungsby demonstrating teaching aid and typical signs.(三) Students should write down the record of inquisition and respiratoryexaminationbymeansof clinicalpractice.(四) The body surface symbol of chest, chest wall, thorax and breast canbe taught by demonstration in practice.The body surface symbol of lungs,lobes of lung and pleural can be taught the same way.Heart and blood vessels[Objective and requirement]-,Students should understand the meanings of various heart vibrationand could percuss accurately the boundary of heart.二、 Students should understand the mechanism of first heart sound andsecond heart sound, recognize thedifferences andunderstand the clinicalmeanings of sound increasing and decreasing.三、Students should understand the clinical meanings of heart murmurmechanism, master the correct point of auscultation and distinguishsystolic murmur and diastolic murmur.四、Students should understand the features of common heart rhythmdisorder(sychnosphygmia,bradycardia,prematurebeat,atrialfibrillation)五、Students should knowhowto measure blood pressureand understand themeanings of changing
5. The examinational methods of vocal resonance, and its clinical meanings (五). main symptoms and signs of common pulmonary diseases；consolidation of lung, pulmonary emphysema, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax. [Teaching hour] lecture 8 hours, practice 18 hous [Teaching method] （一） Teacher should teach students to check up each other, and inspect them to master the sequences and methods and understand normal lungs signs. （二） Students should understand and know various abnormal signs of lungs by demonstrating teaching aid and typical signs. (三) Students should write down the record of inquisition and respiratory examination by means of clinical practice. (四) The body surface symbol of chest, chest wall, thorax and breast can be taught by demonstration in practice. The body surface symbol of lungs, lobes of lung and pleural can be taught the same way. Heart and blood vessels [Objective and requirement] 一、Students should understand the meanings of various heart vibration and could percuss accurately the boundary of heart. 二、Students should understand the mechanism of first heart sound and second heart sound, recognize the differences and understand the clinical meanings of sound increasing and decreasing. 三、Students should understand the clinical meanings of heart murmur mechanism, master the correct point of auscultation and distinguish systolic murmur and diastolic murmur. 四、 Students should understand the features of common heart rhythm disorder (sychnosphygmia, bradycardia, premature beat, atrial fibrillation) 五、Students should know how to measure blood pressure and understand the meanings of changing