Buchner(巴克纳)兄弟 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 的试验： "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free 冬用细砂研磨酵母细胞， fermentation" 压取汁液，汁液不含活细胞， Eduard Buchner Germany 但仍能使糖发酵生成酒精和 Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule(Agricultural 二氧化碳。 College)Berlin,Germany b.1860 ?证明：发酵与细胞的活动 d.1917 无关。 >“无酵母的酒精发 酵”1907诺贝尔奖
Buchner（巴克纳）兄弟 的试验： ❖ 用细砂研磨酵母细胞， 压取汁液，汁液不含活细胞， 但仍能使糖发酵生成酒精和 二氧化碳。 ❖ 证明：发酵与细胞的活动 无关。 ➢“无酵母的酒精发 酵”1907诺贝尔奖。 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" b. 1860 d. 1917 Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College) Berlin, Germany Germany Eduard Buchner
酶一活细胞产生的，能在细胞内外起作用的 (催化)生理活性物质。 enzyme-organic chemical substance (a catalyst)formed in living cells,able to cause changes in other substance without being changed itself. > 酶的化学本质？
➢ 酶—活细胞产生的，能在细胞内外起作用的 （催化）生理活性物质。 ➢ enzyme—organic chemical substance (a catalyst) formed in living cells, able to cause changes in other substance without being changed itself. ➢ 酶的化学本质？
3)酶学的迅速发展（理论研究） (1)酶的化学本质 >1926年，美国康乃尔大学的“独臂学者” Sumner(萨姆纳)博士从刀豆中提取出脲酶结 晶，并证明具有蛋白质的性质。 1930年，美国的生物化学家诺思罗普 Northrop分离得到了胃蛋白酶(pepsin)、胰蛋 白酶(trypsin)、胰凝乳蛋白酶 (chymotrypsin)结晶，确立了酶的化学本质
3）酶学的迅速发展（理论研究） （1） 酶的化学本质 ➢ 1926年,美国康乃尔大学的“独臂学者” Sumner（萨姆纳）博士从刀豆中提取出脲酶结 晶，并证明具有蛋白质的性质。 ➢ 1930年，美国的生物化学家诺思罗普 Northrop分离得到了胃蛋白酶（pepsin）、胰蛋 白酶（trypsin）、胰凝乳蛋白酶 （chymotrypsin）结晶，确立了酶的化学本质
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 "for his discovery "for their preparation of enzymes and that enzymes virus proteins in a pure form" can be crystallized" James Batcheller John Howard Wendell Meredith Sumner Northrop Stanley 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize Cornell University Rockefeller Institute for Medical Rockefeller Institute for Medical Ithaca,NY,USA Research Research Princeton,NJ,USA Princeton,NJ,USA 1887-1955 1891-1987 1904-1971
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" “ for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" 1887-1955 1891-1987 1904-1971 Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Princeton, NJ, USA Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Princeton, NJ, USA Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize Wendell Meredith Stanley John Howard Northrop James Batcheller Sumner
Urease crystals (X728) Sumner,J.B.(1926) “The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease"J.Biol. Chem.69:435-441
Urease crystals ( X 728) Sumner, J. B. (1926) “ The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease” J. Biol. Chem. 69:435-441