半导体是什么？ ·介于导体和绝缘体之间 藉掺杂物控制导电性 ·硅和锗 ·半导体化合物 一碳化硅，锗化硅 一砷化镓，磷化铟，等 16
16 半导体是什么? • 介于导体和绝缘体之间 • 藉掺杂物控制导电性 • 硅和锗 • 半导体化合物 – 碳化硅,锗化硅 – 砷化镓, 磷化銦,等
IA VIllA 11.008 24.0026 He Hydroger IlA IILA IVA VA VIA VIIA Helium 36.93949.012 10.811612.011714.007815.999918.9981020.183 Li Be B C 0 Ne Lithiu Berylliu Transition Metals Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Florine Neon 112.989h224.312 1326.9811428.086 h530.974h632.064 1735.4531839.948 Na Mg 0 C Ar Sodiu B IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIB 1B lIB Magnesiun Alum inum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 1938.1022040.08 2144.9562247.902350.9422451.9962554.9382655.8472758.932858.712963.543065.373169.723272.593374.9223478.963579.9093683.80 K Ca Sc Ti Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Potas sium Calcium Scandium Titanium Iron Cobalt Nickel Coppe Zinc Galliu Arseni Selenium Bromine Krypton 3785.473887.623988.9054091.224192.9064295.9443 9944101.045102.9146106.447107.848112.404914.8250118.695121.7E52127.6053126.90454131.30 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Xe Rubidiu Strontium Yttrium girconium Niobium TechnitiurRuthe nium Rhodium Palladium Silver admium Indium Tin AntimonyTellurium lodine Xenon 55132.9056137.3457138.9172178.4973180.9574183.8575186.276190.277192.278195.0979196.9680200.5981204.3782207.1983208.98842108521086222 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt 9 Hg T Pb Bi Po At Rn Cesium Barium anthanum Hafniu TantalumTungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Bbld Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 8722388226 89 227h04 105 106 107 108 109 110 Fr Nonmetals Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Uns Uno Une Uun 个 Francium Radium Actiniu m Metalloids (semimetals) 58140.1259140.9160144.2461 14762150.3563151.9664157.2565158.9266162.5067164.9368167.2669168.9370173.0471174.97 Lanthanides Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Cerium iumym Terbium Holmiu Erbium Lutetium 90232.04 91 231 92238.03 93 237 94 242 95 243 96 247 97 247 98 249 99 254 100253 101256h02 253 103257 Actinides Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Fm Md No Thorium inium Uranium Neptunium Plutoniu Curium Berkelium nium ium Fermium Nobeliu m
Rf 104 Ha 105 Sg 106 Uns 107 Uno 108 Une 109 IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA VIIIB Hydrogen H 1 1.008 Berylliu m Be 4 9.012 Na 11 Sodiu m 22.989 Li 3 Lithiu m 6.939 12 24.312 Mg Magnesium 19 K Potassium 39.102 Ca 20 40.08 Calcium Sc 21 Scandium 44.956 Ti 22 Titanium 47.90 V 23 Vanadium 50.942 Manganese Mn 25 54.938 Fe 26 Iron 55.847 Co 27 Cobalt 58.933 Ni 28 Nickel 58.71 Rh 45 Rhodium 102.91 Zn 30 Zinc 65.37 As 33 Arseni c 74.922 Se 34 Selenium 78.96 Br 35 Bromine 79.909 Kr 36 Krypton 83.80 Al 13 Aluminum 26.981 Si 14 Silicon 28.086 P 15 Phosphorus 30.974 S 16 Sulfur 32.064 Cl 17 Chlorine 35.453 Ar 18 Argon 39.948 B 5 Boron 10.811 C 6 Carbon 12.011 N 7 Nitrogen 14.007 O 8 Oxygen 15.999 F 9 Florine 18.998 Ne 10 Neon 20.183 He 2 Helium 4.0026 Rb 37 Rubidiu m 85.47 Sr 38 Strontium 87.62 Y 39 Yttrium 88.905 Zr 40 Zirconium 91.22 Nb 41 Niobium 92.906 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94 Cr 24 Chromium 51.996 Technitium Tc 43 99 Ru 44 Ruthenium 101.07 Cd 48 Cadmium 112.40 Cu 29 Coppe r 63.54 Palladium Pd 46 106.4 Silver Ag 47 107.87 Sm 62 Samarium 150.35 Ga 31 Galliu m 69.72 In 49 Indium 114.82 Ge 32 72.59 Germanium Sn 50 Tin 118.69 Sb 51 Antimony 121.75 Te 52 Tellurium 127.60 I 53 Iodine 126.904 Xe 54 Xenon 131.30 Cs 55 Cesium 132.90 Ba 56 Barium 1137.34 La 57 Lanthanum 138.91 Hf 72 Hafniu m 178.49 Ta 73 Tantalum 180.95 W 74 Tungsten 183.85 Re 75 Rhenium 186.2 Os 76 Osmium 190.2 Ir 77 Iridium 192.2 Pt 78 Platinum 195.09 A u 79 Gold 196.967 Hg 80 Mercury 200.59 Tl 81 Thallium 204.37 Pb 82 Lead 207.19 Bi 83 Bismuth 208.98 Po 84 Polonium 210 At 85 Astatine 210 Rn 86 Radon 222 Uun 110 Fr 87 Francium 223 Ra 88 Radium 226 Ac 89 227 Actiniu m Ce 58 Cerium 140.12 Pr 59 Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodym -ium 144.24 Pm 61 Promethium 147 Europium Eu 63 151.96 Gd 64 Gadolinium 157.25 Tb 65 Terbium 158.92 Dy 66 Dysprosium 162.50 Ho 67 Holmium 164.93 Er 68 Erbium 167.26 Tm 69 Thuliu m 168.93 Yb 70 Ytterbiu m 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 Th 90 Thorium 232.04 Pa 91 Procatinium 231 U 92 Uranium 238.03 Np 93 Neptunium 237 Pu 94 Plutoniu m 242 Americium Am 95 243 Cm 96 Curium 247 Berkelium Bk 97 247 Cf 98 Californium 249 Es 99 Einsteinium 254 Fm 100 Fermium 253 Md 101 Mendelevium 256 102 No Nobeliu m 253 Lr 103 Lawrencium 257 Transition Metals Nonmetals Metalloids (semimetals) Lanthanides Actinides
半导体 VA族 C,碳 6 Si，硅 14 Ge,锗 32 Sn,锡 50 Pb，铅 82
半导体 IVA族 C，碳 6 Si，硅 14 Ge，锗 32 Sn，锡 50 Pb，铅 82
硅的单晶结构 ."0 Si Si Si 00 00 Si Si Si 0 Si Si Si S Si Si Si 0.0 ● Si Si Si Si 0 19
19 硅的单晶结构 Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
为什么用硅 ·储量大，价格不贵 。 容易在热氧化过程中成长一层二氧化 硅 ·热稳定性 ·二氧化硅具强介电质及相对容易生成 二氧化硅可以做为扩散掺杂的遮盖 20
20 为什么用硅 • 储量大, 价格不贵 • 容易在热氧化过程中成长一层二氧化 硅. • 热稳定性 • 二氧化硅具强介电质及相对容易生成 二氧化硅可以做为扩散掺杂的遮盖