Quantitative data typesObjective dataCanbedefinitelydefinedanddefendedForexampleHowmanyemailsdoyoureceiveperday?1-5; 6-10;11-20;21-50;51-100; 100+Howmany WeChat contacts do youhave?How manyofyourweChatcontactshaveyou interacted withduringthepastthreedays?
Quantitative data types Objective data Can be definitely defined and defended For example How many emails do you receive per day? 1-5; 6-10; 11-20; 21-50; 51-100; 100+ How many WeChat contacts do you have? How many of your WeChat contacts have you interacted with during the past three days? 6
Quantitative data typesDemographic dataHowoldareyou?Whatisyoureducationlevel?Whatisyourmonthly/annualsalary?How many childrendo you have?Whatisyourgender?MaleorFemaleorTransorBiorOther,butcodedasanumberHow manyyears work experience in the currentjob?
Quantitative data types Demographic data How old are you? What is your education level? What is your monthly/annual salary? How many children do you have? What is your gender? Male or Female or Trans or Bi or Other, but coded as a number How many years work experience in the current job? 7
Constructs andVariablesInClass4,welookedbrieflyatconstructsandvariablesAconstructisaconceptthathasbeenformulatedsoastobeusedinscienceAhighlevelconstructmaycontainmultiplevariablesAvariableisanempiricalindicatorofaconstructConstructsandvariablescanbeDependent, Independent, Mediating, ModeratingTypically,we measure 3-5 items (questions) for eachvariable
8 Constructs and Variables In Class 4, we looked briefly at constructs and variables A construct is a concept that has been formulated so as to be used in science A high level construct may contain multiple variables A variable is an empirical indicator of a construct Constructs and variables can be Dependent, Independent, Mediating, Moderating Typically, we measure 3-5 items (questions) for each variable
Variable TypesModeratingVariable1IndependentVariable1MediatingDependentIndependentVariable2VariableVariableIndependentVariable3ModeratingVariable2
Variable Types 9 Independent Variable 1 Independent Variable 2 Independent Variable 3 Mediating Variable Dependent Variable Moderating Variable 1 Moderating Variable 2
Variable and ItemsA variableismeasuredwithanumberofitemsUsually3-5Writtenas guestions to whichrespondents agree/disagreeItemscanbeformativeorreflectiveFormativeItemsThey areorthogonalto eachotherand contributetothe variableReflectiveItemsTheyresembleeachotherandreflectthepropertyofthevariable10
Variable and Items A variable is measured with a number of items Usually 3-5 Written as questions to which respondents agree/disagree Items can be formative or reflective Formative Items They are orthogonal to each other and contribute to the variable Reflective Items They resemble each other and reflect the property of the variable 10