Chapter 13 The elements of boron family 13.1 Outline on boron family 13.2 The elemental substances of boron family 13.3 The compounds of boron -*13.4 The compounds of aluminum
Chapter 13 The elements of boron family *13.4 The compounds of aluminum 13.3 The compounds of boron 13.2 The elemental substances of boron family 13.1 Outline on boron family
13.1 Outline on boron family Boron family (IA):B,Al,Ga,In,TI Valence electron configuration:ns2npl Electron deficient elements:number of valence electrons number of valence orbits Electron deficient compounds:number of electron pairs in bonding molecular orbits number of valence orbits(即：还有空的成键轨道) Example:BF3(sp3),H3BO3.B:2S22pl HBF is not electron deficient compound
13.1 Outline on boron family Boron family (ⅢA)：B，Al，Ga，In，Tl Valence electron configuration：ns 2np 1 Electron deficient elements: number of valence electrons < number of valence orbits Electron deficient compounds: number of electron pairs in bonding molecular orbits < number of valence orbits(即：还有空的成键轨道). Example：BF3 (sp3 ), H3BO3。 B: 2S22p1 HBF4 is not electron deficient compound
21p 2P 2s1 excited 2s↑↑)( $p2 B:2s22p1 sp-hybridization The formation of BF
of BF3 The formation 2s 2p 2p 2s sp 2 sp2 hybridization B ： 2s 22p 1 excited
The features of electron deficient compounds Example a.forming coordination compound HBF4 HF→BF3 Example b.forming Al2Cl6 molecules in gas phase Al:ns2npl C (sp3杂化) Cl:2s22p5
Cl Cl Al Cl Cl Cl Cl Al The features of electron deficient compounds Example b. forming Al2Cl6 molecules in gas phase HF BF3 Example a. forming coordination compound HBF4 Al：ns2np1 (sp3杂化) Cl：2s22p5
General properties of boron family elements Except for B which is a metalloid(非金属)，Al, Ga,In,Tl are all metals. Oxidation numbers:B,Al,Ga:(+3) In:(+1,+3) T:(+1) Maximum coordination numbers: B:4 example:HBF4(sp3杂化) others:6 example:Na3AlF6(sp3d2杂化)
General properties of boron family elements • Except for B which is a metalloid(非金属), Al， Ga，In，Tl are all metals. • Oxidation numbers：B，Al，Ga：(+3) In：(+1，+3) Tl：(+1) • Maximum coordination numbers： B：4 example：HBF4 (sp3杂化) others：6 example：Na3AlF6 (sp3d 2杂化)