Chapter 1/ Tools, Test Equipment, and Materials FIGURE 1.20 32-inch diameter W, lock washer, nuts, and nylo washer 6/32 machine screw 6/32 nut 安 6/32 lock washer 6/32 locking nut 6/32 nylon washer Summary Now that all the tools, test equipment, and materials necessary to build robots have been covered, you should have a good idea about what will be necessary to build the robots in this book. In the next chapter, the fabrication of printed circuit boards will be discussed so that you can make your own professional-looking 15
Summary Now that all the tools, test equipment, and materials necessary to build robots have been covered, you should have a good idea about what will be necessary to build the robots in this book. In the next chapter, the fabrication of printed circuit boards will be discussed so that you can make your own professional-looking boards. Chapter 1 / Tools, Test Equipment, and Materials 15 FIGURE 1.20 6/32-inch diameter machine screw, lock washer, nuts, and nylon washer. Amphibionics 01 3/24/03 8:01 AM Page 15
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2 Printed circuit Board Fabrication Four robot projects are in this book. Each robot will require a con troller and sensor circuit boards. The most efficient way of imple- menting the circuit designs is to create printed circuit boards (PCBs). The great thing about each project is that the finished PCB artwork is included, along with a parts placement diagram. All of the circuit boards and robots in this book have been built and test- d to ensure that they function as described. If you decide not to fabricate PCBs, most of the circuits are simple enough to construct on standard perforated circuit board(holes spaces 0. 10-inch on centers) using point-to-point wiring if you wish. I dont recom- mend this method because one misplaced or omitted wire can cause hours of frustration The easiest way to produce quality PCBs is by using the positive photo fabrication process. To fabricate the PCBs for each robot proi ect, photocopy the PCB artwork onto a transparency. Make sure that the photocopy is the exact size of the original. For convenience, you can download the artwork files for each robot project from the ThinkboticsWebsitelocatedatwww.thinkbotics.com,andprint the file onto a transparency using a laser or ink-jet printer with a minimum resolution of 600 dpi. Figure 2. I shows the artwork for a 17 Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use
17 Four robot projects are in this book. Each robot will require a controller and sensor circuit boards. The most efficient way of implementing the circuit designs is to create printed circuit boards (PCBs). The great thing about each project is that the finished PCB artwork is included, along with a parts placement diagram. All of the circuit boards and robots in this book have been built and tested to ensure that they function as described. If you decide not to fabricate PCBs, most of the circuits are simple enough to construct on standard perforated circuit board (holes spaces 0.10-inch on centers) using point-to-point wiring if you wish. I don’t recommend this method because one misplaced or omitted wire can cause hours of frustration. The easiest way to produce quality PCBs is by using the positive photo fabrication process. To fabricate the PCBs for each robot project, photocopy the PCB artwork onto a transparency. Make sure that the photocopy is the exact size of the original. For convenience, you can download the artwork files for each robot project from the Thinkbotics Web site, located at www.thinkbotics.com, and print the file onto a transparency using a laser or ink-jet printer with a minimum resolution of 600 dpi. Figure 2.1 shows the artwork for a Printed Circuit Board Fabrication 2 Amphibionics 02 3/24/03 8:08 AM Page 17 Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use
Amphibionics FIGURE 2.1 PCB artwork printed onto transparency film. circuit board that has been printed onto transparency film using an ink-jet printer After successfully transferring the artwork to a transparency, the following instructions can be used to create a board. A 4-X 6-inch presensitized positive copper board is ideal for all of the projects presented in this book. When you place the transparency on the copper board, it should be oriented exactly as shown in each chapter Make any sensor boards that go with the particular proj ect at the same time. A company that specializes in providing pre- sensitized copper boards and all the chemistry needed to fabricate boards is m.g. chemicals. Information on how to obtain all of the suppliescanbefoundonitsWebsitewww.mgchemicals.com Figure 2.2 shows the developer, ferric chloride, and presensitized copper board that will be used for fabricating the circuit boards
circuit board that has been printed onto transparency film using an ink-jet printer. After successfully transferring the artwork to a transparency, the following instructions can be used to create a board. A 4- 6-inch presensitized positive copper board is ideal for all of the projects presented in this book. When you place the transparency on the copper board, it should be oriented exactly as shown in each chapter. Make any sensor boards that go with the particular project at the same time. A company that specializes in providing presensitized copper boards and all the chemistry needed to fabricate boards is M.G. Chemicals. Information on how to obtain all of the supplies can be found on its Web site: www.mgchemicals.com. Figure 2.2 shows the developer, ferric chloride, and presensitized copper board that will be used for fabricating the circuit boards. Amphibionics 18 FIGURE 2.1 PCB artwork printed onto transparency film. Amphibionics 02 3/24/03 8:08 AM Page 18
Chapter 2/ Printed Circuit Board Fabrication FIGURE 2.2 COPPER CLAD BOARD EvEL。 PER CHLORIDE ①=③◎ Follow the next six steps to make your own PCBs 1. Setup-Protect surrounding areas from developer and other splashes that may cause etching damage. Plastic is ideal for bulb works well. Do not work under fluorescent light. Just prior to exposure, remove the white protective film from the presensitized board. Peel it back carefully 2. Exposing your board-For best results, use the MG Chemicals cat. #41 6-X exposure kit. However, any inexpen sive lamp fixture that will hold two or more 18-inch fluores cent tubes is suitable Directions: Place the presensitized board, copper side toward the exposure source. Positive film artwork should be laid onto he presensitized copper side of the board and positioned as desired. Artwork should have been produced by a 600-dpi or better printer. If you dont have a printer that can handle 600
Follow the next six steps to make your own PCBs: 1. Setup—Protect surrounding areas from developer and other splashes that may cause etching damage. Plastic is ideal for this. Work under safe light conditions. A 40-W incandescent bulb works well. Do not work under fluorescent light. Just prior to exposure, remove the white protective film from the presensitized board. Peel it back carefully. 2. Exposing your board—For best results, use the M.G. Chemicals cat. #416-X exposure kit. However, any inexpensive lamp fixture that will hold two or more 18-inch fluorescent tubes is suitable. Directions: Place the presensitized board, copper side toward the exposure source. Positive film artwork should be laid onto the presensitized copper side of the board and positioned as desired. Artwork should have been produced by a 600-dpi or better printer. If you don’t have a printer that can handle 600 Chapter 2 / Printed Circuit Board Fabrication 19 FIGURE 2.2 Photo fabrication kit. Amphibionics 02 3/24/03 8:08 AM Page 19