Massachusetts Institute of Technology VE RI TAS Harvard medical School Brigham and Womens/Massachusetts General Hosp. VA Boston Healthcare System 279/3.96J/BE44/HST522J MATERIALS: BONDING AND PROPERTIES M.S pector, Ph. D
2.79J/3.96J/BE.441/HST522J 2.79J/3.96J/BE.441/HST522J MATERIALS: MATERIALS: BONDING AND PROPERTIES BONDING AND PROPERTIES M. Spector, Ph.D. M. Spector, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s/Massachusetts General Hosp. Brigham and Women’s/Massachusetts General Hosp. VA Boston Healthcare System VA Boston Healthcare System
CHEMICAL BONDING Primary Metallic 100 kcal/mol Covalent 200 ° IonIc 10-20 econdary van der waals 1-2 Hydrogen 3-7 Hydrophobic 1-2 Interactions
CHEMICAL BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING Primary Primary • Metallic Metallic 100 kcal/mol 100 kcal/mol • Covalent Covalent 200 • Ionic 10 -20 Secondary Secondary • van der Waals 1 -2 • Hydrogen Hydrogen 3 - 7 • Hydrophobic Hydrophobic 1 - 2 Interactions Interactions
MATERIALS WITH PRIMARY ATOMIC BONDS Metallic HHHH (Mee( electron“gmy or“ cloud”) °C:C:C:C -metals 100 kcalmol HHHH onIc Covalent (attraction (Shared- pair electrons oo of positive polymers ++ and negative ions biological macromolec, -ceramIcs (eg. proteins -calcium phosphates -200 kcal/mol 10-20 kcal/mol
MATERIALS WITH PRIMARY MATERIALS WITH PRIMARY ATOMIC BONDS ATOMIC BONDS + + + + + + _ _ _ _ Metallic Metallic (electron “glue” (electron “glue” or “cloud”) or “cloud”) -metals -100 kcal/mol 100 kcal/mol C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Ionic (attraction (attraction of positive of positive and negative ions) and negative ions) -ceramics ceramics -calcium phosphates calcium phosphates -10 -20 kcal/mol 20 kcal/mol Covalent Covalent (shared (shared - pair electrons) pair electrons) -polymers polymers -biological biological macromolec macromolec. (e.g., proteins) , proteins) -200 kcal/mol 200 kcal/mol M M M M M e M - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e -
COMPOSITION OF METALS ( % Stainless steel Cobalt chromium Titanium F Co T Cr(17-20% Cr(2730) AI(55-6.5) Ni(10-17) M0(57) V③35-4.5) Mo(2-4) Ni(2.5) Fe,C,0(0.5) C(0.03) Fe, C, Mn, Si(3. 1) Mn, P, S, Si(<2.8
COMPOSITION OF METALS (%) COMPOSITION OF METALS (%) Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Cobalt Chromium Cobalt Chromium Titanium Titanium Fe Co Ti Cr (17 -20%) Cr (27 -30) Al (5.5 Al (5.5 -6.5) Ni (10 -17) Mo (5 -7) V (3.5 -4.5) Mo (2 -4) Ni (2.5) Ni (2.5) Fe,C,O (0.5) Fe,C,O (0.5) C (0.03) C (0.03) Fe, C, Mn, Si (<3.1) Mn, P, S, , P, S, Si (<2.8)
METALS Fracture surface ………e…8x….9………… Me ( M e( e
METALS M M M M M e M - e- e- e- e- ee- e- e- ee-e-e- eM e Me- e- Fracture surface Fracture surface