Multiple vagal afferent nerve subtypes innervate the airways and lungs NK receptor antagonists GABA-B agonists o-agc u-agonists NMDA glutamate antagonists Cortical neurons Tractus Placebo Solitarius CNS Brainstem channel blockers afferent neurons ′ otor neurons Respiratory Musdes Na1.7 blockers TRPV1 antagonists ungs RSD931 TRPA1 antagonists TRaNt Cough S As-fibers Bronchoconstriction Oedema Environmental imtants: SO, Ozone, Toluene Disocyanat Mucus secretion Inflammation Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev 2014 Mar 26: 66(2): 468-512
Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev. 2014 Mar 26;66(2):468-512. Multiple vagal afferent nerve subtypes innervate the airways and lungs
HypertonIc salIne Larynx capsaicin Brady Trachea CItric acld(H+) Nodose Fibers gular C-fbeK HIstam ine Jugular arg cybers s BronchI c-fbers AdenosIne Nodose cybers 2methyl-3-HT RARs PEEP Peripheral AIrways/ Lung Current Opinion in Pharmacology Th distribution and responsiveness of airway afferent subtypes in the guinea pi/"RARs, rapidly adapting receptors:, SARs, slowly adapting receptors Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008, 295: R1572-R1584
The distribution and responsiveness of airway afferent subtypes in the guinea pig. RARs, rapidly adapting receptors; SARs, slowly adapting receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008, 295:R1572-R1584
A. Antitussives Central antitussives Narcotic drugs codeine可待因 pholcodine福尔可定 Drotebanol羟蒂巴酚 Non-Narcotic drugs dextromethorphan右美沙芬 pentoxyverine喷托维林(咳必清) Peripheral antitussives benzonatate苯佐那酯
Central antitussives Narcotic drugs: codeine 可待因 pholcodine 福尔可定 Drotebanol 羟蒂巴酚 Non-Narcotic drugs: dextromethorphan 右美沙芬 pentoxyverine 喷托维林(咳必清) Peripheral antitussives benzonatate 苯佐那酯 A. Antitussives
Narcotic antitussives Codeine 可待因 HcO CH3 HO
Codeine 可待因 Narcotic Antitussives O N CH3 HO H3CO
Narcotic Antitussives 1. Pharmacological effects suppression of cough (1/4 of morphine) analgesia(1/7-1/10 of morphine) 2. Clinical uses Cough without sputum 3. Adverse effects Respiratory depression(at larger doses) A Addiction Contraindicated in n patients with thick sputum
1. Pharmacological effects suppression of cough (1/4 of morphine) analgesia (1/7~1/10 of morphine) 2. Clinical uses Cough without sputum 3. Adverse effects Respiratory depression (at larger doses) Addiction Contraindicated in patients with thick sputum Narcotic Antitussives