15.3 The compounds of nitrogen 1.Hydride of nitrogen ◆ ammonia(NH3) molecular N:sp3 hybridization,triangular structure: pyramid molecular structure N 100.8pm 107.3 …H H H
15.3 The compounds of nitrogen molecular structure： N：sp3 hybridization, triangular pyramid molecular structure 1. Hydride of nitrogen N H 107.3o .. H H ammonia (NH3 )
Preparation: In laboratory: 2NH CI+Ca(OH)2>CaCl2 +2H2O+2NH3 (g) In industry process: N+3H2 450-500C 30MPa Fe >2NH Chemical properties: 1 Soluble in water forming monoprotic weak base NH,+H,O-NH,H,O-NH +OH 2Strong reducing ability 4NH3 +302(pure)->2N2 +6H2O 4NH,+50,(ar)o4N0+6H,0
In industry process: 2NH Cl Ca(OH) CaCl 2H O 2NH (g) 4 2 2 2 3 N2 3H2 2NH3 450 ~500 C 30MPa Fe Preparation： In laboratory： Chemical properties： ① Soluble in water forming monoprotic weak base ② Strong reducing ability _ NH3 H2O NH3 H2O NH4 OH 4NH 5O (air) 4NO 6H O 4NH 3O (pure) 2N 6H O 2 P t 3 2 3 2 2 2 800oc
3 coordination reaction H+NH3→NH, Ag+2NH3-→[AgNH3)2] 4Substitution reaction 2NH,+2Na- E→2 NaNH,+, Na loses e,H+get e ◆NH2-NH,联氨（肼），NH氏亚氨基，N<氮化物 hydrazine ◆NH2OH羟氨，Ammonium hydroxide
④ Substitution reaction Ag 2N H [Ag(NH ) ] H N H N H 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 570 C 2NH3 2Na 2NaNH H 催化 ③ coordination reaction NH2 -NH2联氨(肼)，NH 亚氨基，N 氮化物 hydrazine NH2OH 羟氨, Ammonium hydroxide Na loses e, H+ get e
◆Ammonium salts 1 Most ammonium salts are colorless crystals and soluble in water hydrolysis:NH +H2O=HO+NH3 The structure of NH: N:sp3 hybridization,tetrahedron Identification of NH: Litmus paper method(石蕊试纸法)：pH range::5-8遇酸变红 遇碱变蓝 Nessler reagent(K2HgI4:phenomena is红棕到深褐 N:2I0NH)73
① Most ammonium salts are colorless crystals and soluble in water H N H H H Ammonium salts Litmus paper method(石蕊试纸法)：pH range: 5 -8 遇酸变红， 遇碱变蓝 NH4 The structure of ： Nessler reagent (K2HgI4 ): phenomena is 红棕到深褐 N：sp3 hybridization, tetrahedron Identification of NH4 +： NH ]I(s) 7I 3H O Hg Hg NH 2[HgI ] 4OH [O 2 2 2 4 4 - - - hydrolysis： + H2O H3O+ + NH3 NH4
2 Poor thermal stability ammonium salts of non-oxidizing volatile acids NH,CIa→NH(g)+HC(g (NH)2 CO3-A >2NH3 (g)+CO2(g)+H2O(g) NH,HCO3-A >NH;(g)+CO2 (g)+H2O(g) ammonium salts of non-oxidizing and non- volatile acids NH4)3PO4△→3NH3(g)+H3PO4 (NH)2SO->NH (g)+NH,HSO
ammonium salts of non-oxidizing volatile acids N H HCO N H (g) C O (g) H O(g) (NH ) C O 2N H (g) C O (g) H O(g) N H C l N H (g) HCl(g) 4 3 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 2 2 4 3 ammonium salts of non-oxidizing and nonvolatile acids 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 (NH ) SO NH (g) NH HSO (NH ) PO 3NH (g) H PO ② Poor thermal stability