《国际政治经济学》文献资料（Overview of IPE）Globalization and the role of the state. Reflections on Chinese international and comparative political economy scholarship.pdf

Review of International Political Economy,2013 】Routledge Vol.20,No.6,1215-1243,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2013.773552 Taylor&Cro Globalization and the role of the state: Reflections on Chinese international and comparative political economy scholarship 8100 Tianbiao Zhu and Margaret Pearson2 Krenuef School of Government,Peking UIniversity,Beijing,China 2Department of Government and Politics,UIniversity of Maryland,College Park, United States LO SS:t0 e [AIsaAlun uojoelr reyaueys] ABSTRACT China's rapid integration into the global economy has had undeniable im- plications for the Chinese state-it raises questions about how the state has simultaneously encouraged globalization and,at the same time,tried to control for globalization's impact on China's economy,its culture,and on state policy and the state itself.These implications have not been lost on PRC-based scholars of international and comparative political economy, who have focused considerable-if,as we shall argue,incomplete-attention on globalization's challenge to state sovereignty,to economic sovereignty, and on the economic role of the state.The article highlights features of the Chinese scholarship that are quite distinctive.This literature reflexively favours a strong role for the state in the context of globalization.We also observe that the literature in general is not oriented to theory-building. Instead,scholarship is largely policy-driven;there is a strong impulse to provide positive policy advice to Chinese policy-makers.Most striking,the Aq papeojuMo understanding of the state in the Chinese literature remains partial;there is a marked reluctance to delve into either empirical or theoretical study of the Chinese state itself-the state itself as a subject of critical analysis is rarely considered. KEYWORDS globalization;China;role of state;IPE;comparative political economy; Chinese IPE. China's rapid integration into the global economy over the past 30 years has had undeniable implications for the Chinese state-it raises questions about how the state has simultaneously encouraged globalization and, ©2013 Taylor&Francis

Review of International Political Economy, 2013 Vol. 20, No. 6, 1215–1243, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2013.773552 Globalization and the role of the state: Reflections on Chinese international and comparative political economy scholarship Tianbiao Zhu1 and Margaret Pearson2 1 School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China 2 Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland, College Park, United States ABSTRACT China’s rapid integration into the global economy has had undeniable implications for the Chinese state – it raises questions about how the state has simultaneously encouraged globalization and, at the same time, tried to control for globalization’s impact on China’s economy, its culture, and on state policy and the state itself. These implications have not been lost on PRC-based scholars of international and comparative political economy, who have focused considerable – if, as we shall argue, incomplete – attention on globalization’s challenge to state sovereignty, to economic sovereignty, and on the economic role of the state. The article highlights features of the Chinese scholarship that are quite distinctive. This literature reflexively favours a strong role for the state in the context of globalization. We also observe that the literature in general is not oriented to theory-building. Instead, scholarship is largely policy-driven; there is a strong impulse to provide positive policy advice to Chinese policy-makers. Most striking, the understanding of the state in the Chinese literature remains partial; there is a marked reluctance to delve into either empirical or theoretical study of the Chinese state itself – the state itself as a subject of critical analysis is rarely considered. KEYWORDS globalization; China; role of state; IPE; comparative political economy; Chinese IPE. China’s rapid integration into the global economy over the past 30 years has had undeniable implications for the Chinese state – it raises questions about how the state has simultaneously encouraged globalization and, C 2013 Taylor & Francis Downloaded by [Shanghai Jiaotong University] at 04:55 07 January 2015

REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY at the same time,tried to control for globalization's impact on China's economy,its culture,and on state policy and the state itself.These implica- tions have not been lost on scholars of international(IPE)and comparative political economy (CPE)in the People's Republic of China (PRC),who have focused considerable-if,as we shall argue,incomplete-attention on globalization's challenge to state sovereignty,to economic sovereignty, and on the economic role of the state.China's deep interaction with and its new position in the world economy in the reform era has occurred in tandem with a move away from a traditional Marxian-type analysis in which the state is merely derivative of the international or domestic eco- nomic substructure.Our examination of a broad swath of the comparative political economy literature shows a keen awareness of new threats posed by globalization,to which the Chinese state must respond.Indeed,there is Krenuef a degree of convergence with many topics raised in Western scholarship. Yet,in this article,we also highlight features of the Chinese scholar- S ship that are quite distinctive.This literature reflexively favours a strong role for the state in the context of globalization and contains a normative presumption that the state is playing.and should continue to play,an im- portant role under globalization.(This is in contrast to the conclusion of some economists in China that the state's role has been too pronounced, as noted in the Wang and Chin article.)We also observe that the literature in general is not oriented to theory-building,which makes it impossible to conclude that there is a Chinese school of thought on this topic.In- stead,the scholarship is largely policy-driven;there is a strong impulse- reflected even in the standard format of articles-to provide positive pol- icy advice to Chinese policy-makers.Most striking,in our view,is that the understanding of the state in the Chinese literature remains partial, rey ueyS] despite the strong assumption that the state should play a role.There is a marked reluctance to delve into either empirical or theoretical study of the Chinese state itself;the state itself as a subject of critical analysis is rarely considered.Such a gap in the research agenda has prevented the emergence of a body of work on the role of the state in China.The main papeojuMo point of evolution has been greater criticism of the US-dominated system after the 2008 financial crisis,consistent with the policy and popular view (and as reflected in debates over the existence of a unique 'China Model') as well as some criticisms by the 'New Left'.Yet,even this more critical line has not led to a new epistemology or to an undermining of the other dominant features we note.Why has a distinctive,if largely a-theoretical and non-innovative scholarship remained the norm,when it might be pre- supposed that China's unique position in the world economy would be reflected in new theoretical directions in either positive or critical scholar- ship?In our view,these features reflect the broader academic crucible in which knowledge production on CPE originated and continues to grow- a topic to which we return in our conclusion. 1216

REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY at the same time, tried to control for globalization’s impact on China’s economy, its culture, and on state policy and the state itself. These implications have not been lost on scholars of international (IPE) and comparative political economy (CPE) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), who have focused considerable – if, as we shall argue, incomplete – attention on globalization’s challenge to state sovereignty, to economic sovereignty, and on the economic role of the state. China’s deep interaction with and its new position in the world economy in the reform era has occurred in tandem with a move away from a traditional Marxian-type analysis in which the state is merely derivative of the international or domestic economic substructure. Our examination of a broad swath of the comparative political economy literature shows a keen awareness of new threats posed by globalization, to which the Chinese state must respond. Indeed, there is a degree of convergence with many topics raised in Western scholarship. Yet, in this article, we also highlight features of the Chinese scholarship that are quite distinctive. This literature reflexively favours a strong role for the state in the context of globalization and contains a normative presumption that the state is playing. and should continue to play, an important role under globalization. (This is in contrast to the conclusion of some economists in China that the state’s role has been too pronounced, as noted in the Wang and Chin article.) We also observe that the literature in general is not oriented to theory-building, which makes it impossible to conclude that there is a Chinese school of thought on this topic. Instead, the scholarship is largely policy-driven; there is a strong impulse – reflected even in the standard format of articles – to provide positive policy advice to Chinese policy-makers. Most striking, in our view, is that the understanding of the state in the Chinese literature remains partial, despite the strong assumption that the state should play a role. There is a marked reluctance to delve into either empirical or theoretical study of the Chinese state itself; the state itself as a subject of critical analysis is rarely considered. Such a gap in the research agenda has prevented the emergence of a body of work on the role of the state in China. The main point of evolution has been greater criticism of the US-dominated system after the 2008 financial crisis, consistent with the policy and popular view (and as reflected in debates over the existence of a unique ‘China Model’) as well as some criticisms by the ‘New Left’. Yet, even this more critical line has not led to a new epistemology or to an undermining of the other dominant features we note. Why has a distinctive, if largely a-theoretical and non-innovative scholarship remained the norm, when it might be presupposed that China’s unique position in the world economy would be reflected in new theoretical directions in either positive or critical scholarship? In our view, these features reflect the broader academic crucible in which knowledge production on CPE originated and continues to grow – a topic to which we return in our conclusion. 1216 Downloaded by [Shanghai Jiaotong University] at 04:55 07 January 2015

ZHU AND PEARSON:GLOBALIZATION This article consists in part of a literature review of Chinese scholarship on the issue of globalization and the state;we document extensively the existing Chinese scholarship,with the goal of providing non-Mandarin speakers access to the current state of academic consideration of this is- sue.Even more important,however,we offer a critical analysis and com- mentary on the key features of this scholarship and attempt to explain those forces that have shaped the distinctive characteristics of Chinese CPE scholarship. PRC-based scholars have published a large number of articles and mono- graphs on the topic of globalization,especially since the late 1990s.The present study is based on an extensive reading of that body of work,with a focus on the most frequently cited relevant articles and books published by academic presses.In the original survey,we found that articles on global- Krenuef ization and the state appear in a wide variety of Chinese academic journals, including those which are widely considered the most'elite'journals and those that tend to be regional journals or from less elite universities,and including articles scattered over the fields of politics and economics.It ss:toie would appear that the most influential for the topic of globalization and the state is Shijie Jingjiyu Zhengzhi (Journal of World Economics and Politics). This study is organized into three main sections.The first section pre- views the review of literature by highlighting common themes and general features,a discussion that helps set the stage for our subsequent critical analysis.The second section examines three main issue areas of the liter- ature relevant to globalization and the role of the state:state sovereignty, economic security and the economic role of the state.The third section returns to and explores further the substantive issues raised in this in- troduction,and attempts to explain the key orientations of and gaps in scholarship in the context of the evolution of China's academic structure. GENERAL FEATURES OF SCHOLARSHIP Aq papeojuMo ON GLOBALIZATION AND THE STATE The Chinese IPE and CPE literatures on globalization and the state have several features in common.Indeed,there is an extraordinary amount of consistency among them in terms of their focus,the conceptualization of globalization'and the proper role of the state,and the format and end goals of scholarship.We identify five common characteristics. First,most of the writings on globalization and the state have an ex- clusive focus on China.There are relatively few studies on the developing world more broadly (Jiang,1999,2000;Wu and Qian,2000;Huang,2001; Jiang,2003;Meng,2003;Song and Xiong,2003),which focus on the eco- nomic,financial and political challenges of globalization to developing countries.Where comparative studies exist,the discussion and the format are similar to the majority of works on China.Of course,the focus on China 1217

ZHU AND PEARSON: GLOBALIZATION This article consists in part of a literature review of Chinese scholarship on the issue of globalization and the state; we document extensively the existing Chinese scholarship, with the goal of providing non-Mandarin speakers access to the current state of academic consideration of this issue. Even more important, however, we offer a critical analysis and commentary on the key features of this scholarship and attempt to explain those forces that have shaped the distinctive characteristics of Chinese CPE scholarship. PRC-based scholars have published a large number of articles and monographs on the topic of globalization, especially since the late 1990s. The present study is based on an extensive reading of that body of work, with a focus on the most frequently cited relevant articles and books published by academic presses.1 In the original survey, we found that articles on globalization and the state appear in a wide variety of Chinese academic journals, including those which are widely considered the most ‘elite’ journals and those that tend to be regional journals or from less elite universities, and including articles scattered over the fields of politics and economics. It would appear that the most influential for the topic of globalization and the state is Shijie Jingji yu Zhengzhi (Journal of World Economics and Politics). This study is organized into three main sections. The first section previews the review of literature by highlighting common themes and general features, a discussion that helps set the stage for our subsequent critical analysis. The second section examines three main issue areas of the literature relevant to globalization and the role of the state: state sovereignty, economic security and the economic role of the state. The third section returns to and explores further the substantive issues raised in this introduction, and attempts to explain the key orientations of and gaps in scholarship in the context of the evolution of China’s academic structure. GENERAL FEATURES OF SCHOLARSHIP ON GLOBALIZATION AND THE STATE The Chinese IPE and CPE literatures on globalization and the state have several features in common. Indeed, there is an extraordinary amount of consistency among them in terms of their focus, the conceptualization of ‘globalization’ and the proper role of the state, and the format and end goals of scholarship. We identify five common characteristics. First, most of the writings on globalization and the state have an exclusive focus on China. There are relatively few studies on the developing world more broadly (Jiang, 1999, 2000; Wu and Qian, 2000; Huang, 2001; Jiang, 2003; Meng, 2003; Song and Xiong, 2003), which focus on the economic, financial and political challenges of globalization to developing countries. Where comparative studies exist, the discussion and the format are similar to the majority of works on China. Of course, the focus on China 1217 Downloaded by [Shanghai Jiaotong University] at 04:55 07 January 2015