hidden lake;micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok... closed off...2 million years.①句设问“沃斯托克湖为何保持液态?"。How重读且拉长,提示引出关于沃斯托克湖的问题。remainliquid重读明确提问重点"如何保持液态”,beneath升调,anicesheet速度放缓并重读,突出“在冰面下"还能保持液态的神奇之处②③句说明两方面原因"冰盖及地热的保温功能”。Thethickglacierabove一字一顿明确发挥作用的主体"上方的冰盖”,actslikeaninsulatingblanket、keepsthewaterfromfreezing近义复现强调其功能“保温”。Inaddition后停顿,提示引出另一项原因。geothermalheat、fromdeep、maywarm重读明确第二项原因“来自地底的地热也可保温”①句说明沃斯托克湖保持液态的结果“有微生物存活”。Thescientistssuspect提示话题转向科学家的相关推测,micro-organisms后停顿,随后重读maybeliving,共同明确推测内容“湖中可能有微生物生活”。morethan2millionyears一字一顿.强调时间之久。Il Anything found there will be totally alien to what's on the surface of the earth, says Siegert.Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causingcontamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will meltthrough the surface ice. When it reaches the lake- it will release another robot that can swim in the lake.take pictures.and look for signs of life.说明科学家对沃斯托克湖的研究。话语标记词:Anything found there..,Scientists are tryingto...Again...If all goes as planned..When it reaches thelake...。核心语义词:alien to...surface of theearth;drill into..,draw water samples;robots might be the solution;melt through the surface ice... release anotherrobot... swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life.①句说明沃斯托克湖的研究价值。Anythingfoundthere提示关注点转向湖中情况,totallyalien重读明确特点“完全陌生/不同”②至句说明科学家对沃斯托克湖的研究。句首话语标记调Scientists、Again,robots、Ifallgoesasplanned后均停顿以划分意群"科学家(试图做)→机器人(可以做)→计划(预期做)"。adrill-shaped robot.,meltthrough、reachesthelake..anotherrobot重读明确计划的步骤"钻孔机形机器人先破冰→再向湖中释放另一机器人”。swiminthelake、takepictures升调提示话未说完,lookforsignsoflife声调回落,至此明确后一机器人的三项并列功能。 The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space,which might exist insimilar dark and airless conditions, Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter's moon, Europa, show signs ofwater beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica,robots could be sent to Europa to search for lifethere too.说明研究沃斯托克湖的意义。话语标记词:Thescientistshope...Recently..OncetestedinAntarctica..核心语义词:shed light on life in outer space pictures of Jupiter's moon..show signs ofwater:sentto Europato searchfor lifetheretos①句说明科学家的研究目的。Thescientists、hopetheirdiscoveries升调引出重,点信息shedlightonlifeinouterspace,mightexistinsimilar重读明确现有研究(theirdiscoveries)和未来研究(lifeinouterspace)间的关联“环境相似”。②③句说明研究成果的应用前景。Recently重读后停顿,提示说明最新研究进展;Jupiter'smoon和Europa之后均停顿,提示两者为同位语,即Europa是木星的卫星;Europa,signsofwater缓速重读,明确进展内容“欧罗巴上有水的痕迹”。Antarctica、Europa、too重读重申现有研究、未来研究间的关联“(地球上的)南极洲和(外太空的)欧罗巴均可利用这类机器人”[[问题分析]Q9: What did scientists first use to discover Lake Vostok in the 1970s?QlO:What do scientists think about LakeVostok?Qll:What do the scientists hope their discoveries will do?11第11/56页
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Q9:scientists升调提示提问对象,firstuse重读、discoverLakeVostok一字一领明确提问重点“最初使用/借助发现沃斯托克湖”。Q10:scientists升调、think重读明确提问方向“科学家的看法”。Q1l:hope、discoveries重读明确提问重点“对发现的期望”。三、试题精解9.20世纪70年代科学家们首次发现沃斯托克湖借助的是什么?C)机器人。A)无线电波B)声波。D)卫星。[设题要点]并列信息处(Scientists firstdiscovered LakeVostok...byusingradiowaves;Sincethen...used sound waves and even satellites...)[答案精析]A。题干十A复现开篇信息“20世纪70年代,科学家们使用可透过冰层的无线电波首次发现了沃斯托克湖”。B、D均为科学家发现沃斯托克湖后,用于测绘沃斯托克湖的工具(Sincethen...mapthismassivebodyofwater),不符合题千所问(first...discover...inthe1970s)。C利用下文复现的adrill-shapedrobot/anotherrobot/robots干扰,但此时话题已从“发现沃斯托克湖”转向科学家对沃斯托克湖的研究”10.科学家们如何看待沃斯托克湖?A)它可能在冰川下快速冰冻。C)它可能含有某些稀有矿物。B)可能有微生物生活在其中。D)它的深度可能达到四千米。[设题要点]观点/推测说明处(Thescientists suspect...。[答案精析]B。题千十B契合文中信息“科学家们猜测可能有微生物生活在沃斯托克湖”。A与文中复现信息“沃斯托克湖在冰盖下保持液态(LakeVostokremainliquidbeneathanicesheet、keepsthewaterfromfreezing、Warmthehiddenlake)”相悼。C将沃斯托克湖可能含有的物质“微生物(micro-organisms)”审改为读音相近的“矿物(minerals)”。D将“沃斯托克湖所处位置在冰层下4千来处”窜改为“沃斯托克湖自身的深度达4千米”。11.科学家们希望他们的发现能起到什么作用?A)帮助了解冰冻条件下的生物。C)提供关于其他星球的信息。B)帮助寻找新的淡水来源。D)帮助进一步了解外太空的潜在生物[设题要点]研究目的/意义说明处(Thescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswill...)。「答案精析]D。末段提到,科学家们希望他们的发现能够帮助进一步了解外太空可能存在的生命:一旦机器人在南极洲(沃斯托克湖)完成测试,也可以被送到木卫欧罗巴上寻找生命:可见,科学家希望其发现可以帮助探导外太空/其他星球上的生物,D正确,同时排除偏离重点的C(研究其他星球本身)。A将沃斯托克湖、外太空潜在生物所处的环境条件“黑暗、无空气”审改为“冰冻”。B根据沃斯托克湖的形态“巨大水体(agiant/massivebodyofwater)"脑测而来,并非材料所提"科学家们科学发现的作用”。四、全文翻译当一些科学家在探索南极洲表面时,另一些科学家正在研究南极洲冰层下4千米处的巨大水体。20世纪70年代,科学家们使用可透过冰层的无线电波首次发现了沃斯托克湖。自那以后,他们曾使用声波甚至卫星来测绘这片巨大的水域。沃斯托克湖中的水是如何在冰盖下保持液态的?“上面这层厚厚的冰盖就像一条隔热毯一样防止水结冰。”威尔士大学的冰川学家马丁·西格特说。此外,来自地下深处的地热可能暖化了这个隐蔽的湖。科学家们猜测可能有微生物生活在沃斯托克湖,从而与外界隔绝了200多万年。西格特说,在沃斯托克湖发现的一切都将与地表上的情形截然不同。科学家们正试图找到一种方法.可以在不造成污染的情况下钻入冰层提取水样。又一次,机器人成了可能的解决方案。倘若一切按计划进行,一个钻孔机形状的机器人会融穿表面的冰,当它进入湖中后会卸下另一个机器人,这个机器人会尚样在湖中拍照并寻找生命的迹象。科学家们希望他们的发现将有助于人们选一步了解外太空的生命,它们可能存在于类似的黑暗、无空气12第12/56页
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环境下。最近,木卫欧罗巴的特写图像显示,其冰冻表面下有水的迹象。一旦在南极洲完成了测试,机器人也可以被送往欧罗巴去寻找生命。PassageTwo走进塔拉乌马拉部落一、听前预测12. A) He found there had been little research on their 13. A) He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaraslanguage.language.B) He was trying to preserve the languages of theB) He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland'sIndian tribes.gifts.C) His contact with a social worker had greatlyC) He recommended one of his best friends as anaroused his interest in the fribe.interpreter.D) His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eagerD)He acted as an intermediarybetween Copeland andto learn more about the tribe.the villagers.14. A) Unpredictable.15. A) Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.B) Unjustifiable.B) Their sense of sharing and caring.C) Laborious.C) Their readiness to adapt to technology.D)Tedious.D) Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.【看选项关键词预测问题]12.选项中thetribe/theIndiantribes/their近义/同义复现(由A、B相仪结构theirlanguage、thelanguagesoftheIndiantribes可知their也指“印第安部落"),tryingto,arousedhisinterestin,eagerto暗含人物(He)动机,littleresearchon、preserve、learnmoreabout传递"(某)印第安部落相关情况鲜为人知,垂待研究和保护”之意,故推测题干询问某人研究/保护(某)印第安部落(语言)的原因。13.各项均为完整句,陈述某人(He)的行为举动,且taught...to..persuaded...toaccept..recommended、intermediarybetween..,and...均体现此人在Copeland同Tarahumaras/thevillagers沟通交往过程中起到的“帮助协调作用”(interpreter与intermediary作用相近,可推测C大意为“此人推荐期友给Copeland做翻译”),故题干可能询问某人帮助Copeland做了什么事。(联系12、13题theirlanguage、theTarahumaraslanguage猜测选项所述印第安部落即/包含Tarahumaras)。14.各项均为形容词,属评价性词语,可推测题干询问说话人/文中人物对某件事或某人行为的评价。15.各项均为偏正短语,结合outsiders(某群体或组织之外的人)及12题复现词thetribe/theIndiantribes可大胆推测Their代指“印第安部落的人(或Tarahumaras)”,中心语Theirappreciation、Theirsense、Theirreadiness、Theirbelief指向该群体共有的性格品质或思想观念,故推测题干询问印第安部落成员(或Tarahumaras)的共同特征[看选项复现词预测主题]选项中印第安部落”相关词复现thetribe、theIndiantribes,Tarahumaras,且重复提及人物Copeland,结合12题含的“某人想研究/了解/保护某印第安部落(语言)”及13题体现的“Copeland与Tarahumaras语言不通,却试图(在他人帮助下)同Tarahumaras沟通接触”,可推测12题He/His代指Copcland,文章主要论及Copeland研究/了解/保护印第安部落Tarahumaras的过程二、录音分析I The idea to study the American Indian tribe Tarahumaras came to James Copeland in 1984 whenhe discovered that very littleresearch had been done on their language:He contacted a tribe memberthrough a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first the tribe member, namedGonzalez.was veryreluctantto cooperate.He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy hislanguage.But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it wouldbenefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. He took Copeland to his village and served as anintermediary. Copeland says, "Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was andstarted trusting us,"13第13/56页
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介绍科普兰研究塔拉乌马拉部落的起因,以及研究开展前他如何取得部落成员的信任。话语标记词:James Copeland...He contacted a tribemember...At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez...But afterCopeland...Gonzalez..He took Copeland to...and,.。核心语义词:very little research had beendone ontheir language..,reluctant to cooperatrved as an intermediary..agreedto help..①句交代科普兰产生研究想法的原因。Theidea升调重读,引出想法内容“研究印第安部落(Tarahumaras缓读,明确部落名称)”,caCopeland再度重读·点明研究者。in1984后稍停额,回:lames溯促使研究想法形成的事件:verylittle重读强调塔拉乌马拉语相关研究之少②至包介绍科普兰联系部落成信任的过程。contactedatribemember重读,提示科普兰开展研究的方法“以一位成员为突socialworker重读且微额,who...补充说明该部落成员介绍人的相关情况。member声调上扬,引出该部落成员(Gonzalez)最初的行为/态度:veryreluctantS拒绝态度,其后引速话语中no(noamountof意为“即使再多也不….·.。Butafter声调再度上扬,预示转机,)、buy均重读凸显其态what...do及how...theTarahumaras语调先升后降,陈述Copeland作出的务力“阐释研究目标及意义”,agreedtohelp短促轻快,说明结果"Gonzalez改变态度,答应帮忙”。Hetook...andserved...升降调,intermediary缓读,强调Gonzalez给予了Copeland莫大的帮助“不仅带他去村庄,还充当中间人”。Copelandsays后略停顿,直接引述其话语:him重读,understood、trusting亦重读,凸显Gonzalez对该研究的重大贡献。I Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland. To reachtheir homeland he must drive two and a half days from Huston,Texas. He loads up his vehicle withgoods that the tribesmen can't easily get, and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. TheTarahumaras, who don't believe in aceumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.说明研究阶段科普兰付出的种种努力。话语标记词:EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumaras..CopelandToreach their homeland he...He...The Tarahumaras...。核心语义词:a laborious project...drive two and a halfdays... loads up...goods...gives the goods...as a gesture of friendship... take the food and share...①②句指出科普兰前往塔拉乌马拉的路途遥远艰辛。EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumaras后略作停顿,引出评述性表达alaboriousproject,其读音一字一顿强调路途艰难辛苦,随后twoandahalfdays重读,以驾车时间之长力证旅程艰辛。?句指出科普兰努力融入塔拉乌马拉人。loadsup(把大量装上)升调,goods、can't重读,共同凸显科普兰所携带的礼物“丰富且难得",gives重读,a gesture of friendship一字一顿说明科普兰送礼目的"表示友谊”。TheTarahumaras后稍停频,who...说明该部落思想观念(don'tbelieve重读,提示其观念与现代人不同),take.share均重读,顺而引出部落成员的回应"接受食物并彼此分享"。Il For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched hislife in several ways."I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard. traditional lile, whichoffers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition," he says."Iexperiencethe simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about.I see a lot of beautyin their sense of sharing and concern for each other."介绍科普兰从这段研究经历中取得的收获。话语标记词:ForCopeland,theexperience...1see..:Iexperience...I see...。核心语义词:academically satisfying...enriched his life...another notion about themeaning of progress...the simplicity of living in natusense of sharing and concern for each other.①句总评此段研究经历:科普兰不仅在学术方面收获颇丰,更丰富了自已的生活。ForCopeland升调,提示论述对象变化,notonly、butalso重读,academicallysatisfying、enriched亦重读,呈现科普兰两大收获,且着重强调后者“丰富生活文将详述“该研究经历如何丰富了他的生活”预证②至④句详述科普兰所见所感。rejecting technology,living...hard,体份traditionallife重读,明确塔拉乌马拉人生活方式,themeaningofprogress重读,说明科普兰感悟(即“发展”不一定等于抛弃传统生活、拥抱科技)。experience引出科普兰的体验:simplicity重读,强调塔拉乌马拉生活的特质“简单淳补”,otherwise语调上扬,补充说明这种生活体验弥足珍贵。Isee引出科普兰的体验三:beauty、senseofsharing、concernforeachother均重读,凸显塔拉乌马拉人优秀品质“分享意识、相互关心”14第14/56页
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【问题分析]Ql2:Why did James Copeland want to study the American Indian tribe Tarahumaras?Q13:How did Gonzalez help James Copeland?Ql4: What does the speaker say about James Copeland's trip to the Tarahumaras village?Q5:What impresses James Copeland abouttheTarahumaras tribe?Q12:Why升调,JamesCopeland,want、study重读,theAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras一字一顿,提示题目询问“JamesCopeland为何想要研究Tarahumaras”。Q13:How升调,GonzalezhelpJamesCopeland重读,提示题目询问Gonzalez给予JamesCopeland的帮助”。Q14:What升调,speaker、say重读,提示题目问及说话人观点,JamesCopeland'strip、Tarahumarasvillage重读,点明说话人评速之事"James Copeland的Tarahumaras村庄之旅”。Q15:What升调,impresses、JamesCopeland重读,提示题目询问“让JamesCopeland印象深刻之事”,abouttheTarahumarastribe重读且一字一频,明确该事关乎“Tarahumaras部落的品质特征”。三、试题精解12.詹姆斯·科普兰为什么想要研究美洲印第安部落塔拉乌马拉?A)他发现有关该部落语言的研究还很少。C)他同一名社工的接触极大地激发了他对该部落的兴趣B)他当时正势力保护印第安部落的语言。D)他同冈萨雷斯的会面让他追切地想了解更多有关该部落的情况。设题要点原因说明处(whenhediscovered.)[答案精析]A。A同义改写录音①句“促使科普兰产生研究想法的事件/科普兰开展研究的原因:他发现有关塔拉马拉语言的研究少之又少"(when引导时间状语从句,但在特定语境中可表示原因)。B将科普兰研究范围由“塔拉鸟马拉语言扩大为“印第安部落的语言”,且臆断其最终目标是“保护语印第安部落的语言,阻止其消失”。C,D均颠倒因果:C将I段②句“(因为对部落产生兴趣,所以)他通过一名社工联系到一位部落成员”窜改为“因为与社会福利工作者联系,所以激发了他对部落的兴趣”:D将“科普兰想要研究塔拉乌马拉,所以同冈萨雷斯接触、会面”宰改为“科普兰同冈萨雷斯的会面让他想了解更多有关该部落的情况”。13.冈萨雷斯是如何帮助詹姆斯·科普兰的?A)他教科普兰说塔拉乌马拉语。C)他推荐了自已的一位好朋友做翻译B)他劝说塔拉乌马拉人接受科善兰的礼物。D)他充当了科普兰和村民的中间人。[设题要点」人物态度转变处兼细节信息说明处(Gonzalezagreedtohelp:Hetook...andservedas...)。[答案精析]D。D同义改写I段?句冈萨雷斯给予科普兰的帮助之一“充当(科普兰和村民的)中间人”。A结合①句冈萨雷斯所言“再多的钱也买不到他的语言”和③句其态度转变“答应帮忙”捏造出“冈萨需斯教科普兰说他的语言”,完全忽略①句信息。B将Ⅱ段④句“塔拉鸟马拉人主动接受科普兰的礼物(takethefood)”窜改为“塔拉乌马拉人(在冈萨雷斯劝说下,才)接受科普兰的礼物”。C源自个别单词intermediary、friendship.将科普兰和村民的中间人由“冈萨雷斯"偷换为“冈萨雷斯的好朋友”。14.对于詹姆斯·科普兰的塔拉乌马拉村庄之旅,说话人怎么看?A)不可预测的。C)艰难辛苦的。B)无正当理由的。D)单调乏味的。[设题要点]事件评述处(...hasbeenalaboriousproject)。答案精析C。C复现于I段D句,且传递②句drivetwoandahalfdays所述塔拉马拉村庄之旅的“耗时费力、艰难辛苦”。A由塔拉乌马拉村庄路途遥远(twoandahalfdays)、鲜为人知(verylittleresearch)腹断出“科普兰的塔拉乌马拉村庄之旅前景不明,难以预测”。B借由I段③句冈萨雷斯最初态度“非常不愿配合”推断出“科普兰无正当理由进入塔拉乌马拉”而实际他进入塔拉乌马拉有正当理由:做研究。D与Ⅲ段“塔拉乌马拉村庄之旅丰富了科普兰的生活"相悸。15.有关塔拉乌马拉部落的什么让詹姆斯·科普兰印象深刻?A)他们感激外人的帮助。C)他们愿意适应技术。B)他们有意识要互相分享并关心他人。D)他们笃信要为自己创造财富15第15/56页
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