[设题要点］人物感受处兼观点详述处（theexperience..."see...Iexperience...Isee...")。[答案精析］B。B同义改写文末句科普兰发现的塔拉乌马拉部落品质“有分享意识且相互关心”。A将Ⅱ段③句“科普兰为塔拉乌马拉人送去礼物”泛化为“外界人的帮助”，并臆断出“塔拉乌马拉人对此常怀感激”。C与Ⅲ段②句“塔拉鸟马拉人拒绝科技”相。D与IⅡ段④句"塔拉鸟马拉人不赞成积累财富”相悸。四、全文翻译1984年，詹姆斯·科普兰发现有关美洲印第安部落塔拉鸟马拉语言的研究少之叉少，便萌生了研究该部落的想法。他通过一名在墨西哥做部落成员工作的社工联系到了一位部落成员。起初，这位名叫冈萨雷斯的部落成员非常不愿意配合。他告诉科普兰，再多的钱也买不到他的语言。不过，在科普兰向他解释了“自己打算用这项研究做些什么”以及“这项研究将如何使塔拉乌马拉受益”之后，冈萨雷斯就答应帮忙了。他把科普兰带到村庄，充当起了中间人。科普兰说，“多亏了他，塔拉乌马拉人才明白了我们的使命是什么，而后开始信任我们”。子科普兰而言，进入塔拉乌马拉人的世界是个艰辛的任务。他必须从德克萨斯州休斯频出发，开两天半的车才能抵达他们的家乡。他把部落成员无法轻易获得的东西装上车，再将这些东西送给他们以示友谊。塔拉乌马拉人不赞成财富积累，他们会接受那些食物并彼此分享。对于科普兰来说，这一经历不仅在学术上令人满意，也在多个方面丰富了他的生活。“我看到人们拒绝科技，过着极为艰苦的传统生活，这让我对西方传统中“发展”的内酒有了不同的理解。”他说，“我体验了那种（不然只能在书本上读到的）大自然里简单淳朴的生活。我从他们的分享意识以及相互关心中发现了许多的美。”Section CRecordingOne激进分子一、听前预测16.A)They tend to be silenced into submission.17. A) One who advocates violence in effecting change,B) They find it hard to defend themselves.B) One who craves for relentless transformations.C) They will feel proud of being pioneers.C) One whoacts in the interests of the oppressedD)They will feel somewhat encouraged.D) One who rebels against the existing social order18. A)Theytried to effect social changebyforce.C) They served as a driving force for progress.B) They disrupted the nation's social stabilityD) They did more harm than good to humanity.【看选项关键词预测问题］16.C、D指向They在某种情况下的积极感受，且由C中beingpioneers可推断They指向“起先锋模范作用的一群人”：A、B指向这群人受到外界言语攻击后的反应，综合推断题目询问They（极有可能指向“先锋”）在外界评价下的情绪/行为反应。17.各项Onewho...构成的名词结构指向“某一群体”，且各项核心语义均直接或间接指向该群体的某种行为主张，再结合上题对They的推测“起先锋模范作用的群体”可综合推测本题询问该群体的具体指向，18.后三项核心语义均指向They的影响，A"试图武力改变社会”指向They的目的，结合上两题中关于They、Onewho..，的推断，可综合推测题目询问该群体的社会影响/目的（着重点在"社会影响”）。【看选项复现词预测主题］选项中的复现词主要集中为三类：一、某类人的行为主张advocates、cravesfor、acts in the interests of,rebels against；二，某类人的社会影响 a driving force for progress、disrupted..socialstability、didmoreharm...tohumanity；三，与社会变革相关的表达effectingchange、transformations、effectsocialchange、rebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder。综合可推测录音重点讨论某类人群，该人群的行为主张引燃社会变革、推动社会前进。二、录音分析I What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having thelabel attached to them, Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence theminto submission, thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs. and, more important, preserving thepower of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in western society.16第16/56页
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介绍人们在被评价为激进分子时的惯常反应，以及这种反应导致的后果。话语标记词：What is...Itseems today that...Accusing...serves to...thereby...and,more important...。核心语义词:a radical...people are terrified of the term... serves to silence them into submission...maintaining the existing state ofaffairs. .. preserving the power of a select minority...D句引出演讲话题：激进分子。What、radical重读，提示演讲主题。②句介绍现象：人们害怕被贴上激进分子的标签（情绪反应）。Itseemstoday先升调后降调，后微顿，scems重读，引出某种现象；terrified重读，突出人们对“激进分子”这一表达的恐惧情绪：particularly重读，提示后文引出人们特别恐惧的情况，havingthelabelattached指出这种情况为被贴上激进分子的标签。③句介绍现象及其后果：人们被指责为激进分子时会沉默、进而屈服（行为反应），这种反应将阻碍社会变化。Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradical后停赖，提示其主语地位，其中radical重读，凸显其主题词地位；silence、submission重读，凸显人们被指责为激进分子时的反应：被压制，进而屈服：thereby升调，引出人们被贴上激进分子标签后被压制、进而屈服的后果：maintainingtheexistingstate重读，引出后果之一：保持事态现状：and后微顿，引出另一后果，moreimportant重读，提示另一后果更为严重：preservingthepowerofaselectminority揭示另一后果：维护极少数人的权力：whoaremostly后微顿，引出对这些极少数人的介绍，wealthywhitemales一字一顿读出，凸显极少数人的身份。I Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon, The women's movement has been plagued bystereotypes+ misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism, when thebasic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life. When facedwith the threat of being labelled radical. women back down from their worthy calls and consequentlyparticipate in their own oppression.以女权主义为例，介绍女权主义者被评价为激进分子时的反应。话语标记词：aperfectexampleof...Thewomen'smovement...when...When...women...and consequently.....核心语义词：Feminism...plaguedby...radicalism...deserve equal rights... faced with the threat... labelled radical...women back down fromtheirworthycalls...participateintheirown oppression①句引入例子“女权主义”。Feminism重读，后微顿，提示引入新话题；aPerfectexampleofthisphenomenon表明新话题与I段所述现象之间的例证关系，提示后文国绕此展开。②句介绍女性运动现状：常被指责为激进主义，导致其陷入困局。Thewomen'smovement升调，后微顿，提示其主语地位，women重读，呼应①句Feminism；plagued、stereotypes、misrepresentations..，media、accusations..，man-hating...radicalism重读，体现女性运动的艰难状况；basic、simply重读，womendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsof life一字一顿、顿挫读出，体现when表明的转折逻辑：尽管女权主义的诉求不激进，但仍被各种负面印象和指摘困扰。③句指出激进分子这一标签对女权运动的压制效应。When重读，提示后文所述情况为重点；radical重读，women后微额，backdownfromtheirworthycalls一字一顿读出，呼应I段人们被贴上激进分子标签后被压制、屈服的情况；consequently重读participateintheirownoppression点明这种反应的后果。II It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of thestigma attached to the word. If people refuse to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas. the stigmaslose all their power. Without fear on which they feed, such stigmas can only die.介绍女权主义的现状以及演讲者认为人们被贴上激进分子标签时该持的态度。话语标记词：Ithasgotten to the point that...because of...If...stigmas...Without fear...。核心语义词:women are afraid tocall themselves feminists...the stigma...refuse to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas...lose all theirpower.. such stigmas can only die①句介绍女权主义的现状：多数女性不敢自称女权主义者。gottentothepoint引出女权主义的现状；afraid重读，凸显女性的害怕心理，呼应1段terrified；stigma重读，凸显女性不敢自称女权主义者的原因。②③句提出人们被贴上激进分子标签时该持的态度：拒绝被污名控制与胁迫。If重读，引出人们被贴上激进分子标签时该持的态度；refuse重读，点明正确的态度为拒绝被污名所左右；loseall theirpower、canonlydie一字一顿读出，表明如果拒绝被污名控制胁迫，污名就不具杀伤力。17第17/56页
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IV To me, a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm or advocates a change in theexisting state of affairs. On close inspection. it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving andtherefore is not a constant entity.介绍演讲者对激进分子的定义。话语标记词：Tome...a radical is...someonewho..On closeinspection,it becomes clear that... and therefore...。核心语义词:rebels against the norm... advocates achange in the existing state of affairs...the norm is constantly evolving...is not a constant entity①句介绍演讲者对激进分子的定义。Tome后微顿，提示其后引出演讲者自己的看法：aradical...rebelsagainstthenorm、advocatesachange重读，凸显演讲者对激进分子的定义：反抗常态、主张变革②句解释常态。itbecomesclear后微顿，提示后文为主语从句解释it；norm重读，后微顿，凸显其话题地位；constantlyevolving...notaconstantentity重读，凸显常态的特点在不断演变。V So why then is deviation from the present situation such a threat when the state of affairs itself isunstable and subject to relentless transformation?提出疑问：为何激进分子会是一种威胁?话语标记词：Sowhythen..when..。核心语义词：deviationfrom the present situation...threat...unstable and subject to relentless transformation.Whythen后停频顿，why重读，提示后文承接上文叙述提问；deviation...presentsituation重读，后微顿，threat重读，凸显问题：为何背离现状是一种威胁。unstable..，subject.，，relentlesstransformation重读，强调现状是不稳定、不完美的，需要不断革新，呼应IV段的thenormisconstantlyevolving。M It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it and preventing the right of thosewho don't.In fact,when we look at the word"radical" in a historical context,nearly every figure wenow hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time.Radicals are people who effect change.They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals: civil rights activists wereradicals; even the founders. of our country in their fight to win independence from England were radicals.Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance ofpower that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who've made a negative impact onhumanity.but undeniably,there would simply be no progress without radicals,That being said, nexttime someone calls me a radical.I will accept that label with pride.作出回答，并发表演讲者自已对激进分子的观点。话语标记词：Itallgoesbackto.，，Infact，whenwe.，Radicals...They...Their presence in history.., Of course. there are, .,but undeniably...That being said...I will。核心语义词:maintaining the power of those who have it and preventing the right of those who don't.Radicals are people who affect change,there would simply be no progress without radicals。①句对V段的提问作出回答：因为要维护那些拥有权力的人的权力，阻止那些没有权力的人拥有权利。Itallgoesbackto先升调后降调，提示后文追溯缘由；maintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveit、preventingtherightofthosewhodon't顿挫读出，凸显缘由。②一句分析激进分子对社会的意义：引发社会变革，促进社会进步。②句radical、historical重读，将视角放入历史背景中来评价激进分子；nearlyeveryfigure一字一顿读出，hero、radical重读，凸显历更情况之普遍：我们现在举出的英雄在他们的时代都被认为是激进分子。③句Radicals升调读出，effectchange重读，凸显激进分子的影响。①句history.written重读，凸显激进分子的地位：历史书写的对象。句Abolitionists,civil rights activists重读，列举历史上的激进分子，例证②句所述内容：英雄,eventhe founders在他们的时代都是激进分子。③句读，后微顿，总述历史概况，回应②句historicalcontext;changed...functions重读应③句effectchange:mainly....shifting..se、negative重读，让步指出激进分子的balanceofpower重读，凸显激进分消极影响，butundeniably、noprogress，转折指出激进分子的积极影响：促进社会进步。②句表明演讲者对激进分子的态度：赞赏Thatbeingsaid重读，提示后文进行转折：me重读，提示演讲者将以自身举例：accept重读，withpride一字一顿读出，凸显演讲者对激进分子的赞赏态度。18第18/56页
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【问题分析］Ql6:What usuallyhappenswhen peopleareaccused of beingradical?Q17:What is the speaker's definition of a radical?Q18: What does the speaker think of most radicals in the American history?Q16：What、happens重读，提示询问发生的事情，accusedofbeingradical重读，将提问限定在人们被指责为激进分子的情况。Q17：What、definition、radical重读，提示询问演讲者对激进分子的定义。Q18：What、think、mostradicals重读，提示询问演讲者对激进分子的看法。举三、试题精解16.当人们被指责激进时，通常会发生什么？A）他们往往会况默、居服。C）他们会为自己是先驱者而感到自豪，B）他们发现很难为自己辩解。D）他们或多或少会受到鼓舞。[设题要点]引出话题处（Accusing individualsorgroupsof beingradical oftenservesto...）。「答案精析A。「段指出，指责个人或团体激进往往会压制他们的声音，进而使他们居服·A原词复现，故正确。B由常理“人们被指责时常会舜解”捏造而来。CD中proud、encouraged均与首句terrified相17.说话人对激进分子的定义是什么？A）提倡用暴力实现变革的人。C）为保护受压追者的利益而行动的人。B)渴望不断变苹的人D）反抗现存社会秩序的人。【设题要点］下定义处（Tome，aradicalissimplysomeone..）［答案精析］D。IV段首句指出“激进分子就是那些反抗常态或主张改变事态现状的人”，D中rebelsagainsttheexisting social order是对句中rebels againstthenorm..intheexistingstateof affairs的同义改写，故正确。A基于V段③句Radicals...effectchange凭空添加新信息"暴力”。B将IV、V段分别用以说明常态特点的constantlyevolving、relentlesstransformation偷换为激进分子的目标。C由Il段oppression赔示的“女性被压迫”及常识“女权主义保护受压迫女性的利益”主观臆断而来，并非说话人对激进分子的看法。18.说话人如何看待美国历史上的大多数激进分子？A）他们试图通过暴力实现社会变革C）他们是进步的推动力量。B他们破坏了美国的社会稳定局面D）他们对人类的危害大过益处。[设题要点］转折处（Of course，thereare...butundeniably，therewould...)。[答案精析C。C契合V段倒数第二句信息“没有激进分子就没有进步”。A错误原因同17题A。B将V段例数第三句changedthewayour societyfunctions...byshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted传达的“激进分子的贡献”歪曲为“破坏国家稳定”的行为。D违背"Of course..butundeniably..."传达的“虽有消极影响，但总体上推进了人类社会的进步"的逻辑。四、全文翻译什么是“激进分子”？如今，人们似乎很害怕这个词，特别是害怕被贴上这个标签。指责个人或团体激进往往会压制他们的声音，进而使他们感服，从而维持事态现状，更重要的是，这样会维护少部分精英人士的权力·而这些人在西方社会中大多是富有的白人男性女权主义就是这种现象的一个典型例子。女性运动一直困扰于人们的刻板印象、媒体的至曲以及外界对其厌男和激进主义的指责，尽管女权主义的基本诉求仅仅是女性在生活的各个方面享有平等的权利。当面临被贴上激进分子标签的成胁时，女性就会放弃呼吁自己应有的权益，从而加入到对自已的压迫中去。现在已经到了许多女性不敢自称女权主义者的地步，因为这个词调自带污名。如果人们拒绝被污名控制和恐吓，污名就会失去其所有的影响力。没有了赖以生存的恐惧，这些污名就只能消亡。19第19／56页
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