■导读一：对闸释人类学的闲释 23 重要的影响。毕竟，田野工作者的眼光和观察不是照相机。纵 然它就是照相机，其叙述的镜头亦永远有其选择性，真正的“纯 叙述"永远是没有的。因之，在文化志和人类学的描写中全知全 能的叙述者的角色是没有，也不可能有的。叙述的功能多在展 现而不是证明。 上面一番巡礼是对阐释人类学发生、发展的文化及学术背 景的一个简单的“阑释”。当然，对闻释人类学的基本脉络及其 理论线索我们作了极筒单的勾勒，可是对其具体的理论制析还 无暇置缘。这个方面，我将留待下一篇导读中以吉尔兹为例进 行略为详尽的剖析。如本文开头所云，阐释人类学纵使在其发 祥地的欧美到今天给予其盖棺定论的文章尚少，盖因其还在发 展之中，何去何从，究难定例。但从另一个方面而言，阐释人类 学的倡导和其理论建树本身就以其存在的方式时时刻刻在对自 己进行蓉阑释，尽管这种阐释是隐形的，不那么自党的，甚至是 下意识的。 那么，对这个尚在发展中的学科给予一个学术结论是时不 我待还是为时尚早呢？带着这个疑惑和近年来摸索、译析这个 思想学派的思考，我把自己探求的总结呈献给同道。个中甘苦， 惟寸心知。此文以及是书的译介如能在我国当代文化学研究甚 或在文化批评、文化人类学探讨上略有些启发和贡献，当遂吾 愿
24 地方性知识■ 注释 [1)Augustine,Saint.On Christian Doctrine.D.W.Robertson,Jr. trans.Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill,1958,p.7 (2]Linge,David E."Editor's Introduction."Hans-Georg Gadamer. Philosophical Hermeneutics.David E.Linge,trans.Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.1976 (3)A.Dilthey,Wilhelm.Pattern and Meaning in History.H.P. Rickman,ed.New York:Harper Row,1961,p.71 B.Outhwaite,W.Understanding Sociul Life.London:George Allen &Upwjn,1975,pp.26-27 (4)Hodges,Hetbert.The Philosophy of Wilhelm Dilthey.Westport. Conn:Greenwood,1974,p.149 (5)Weber,Max.The Protestant Ethic and the Spirut of Capitalism. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1958,pp.IX-XVI (6Geertz,Clifford.The Interpretation of Cultures.New York,Basic Books,1973,pp.18-26 [7]Malinowski,Bronislaw.Argonauts of the Western Pacific.New York:Dutton,1961 P.25 (8]A.Turner,Victor Witter.The Forest of Symbods:Aspeets of Ndembu Ritual.Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornel!University Press,1967,pp.147-158 B.Turner,Victor Witter.The Ritual Process:Structure and Anti-Structure.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1969,pp.96-111 (9)Turner.Victor Witter.From Ritual to Theatre The Human Seriousness of play.New York:Performing Arts Journal Publications. 1982
导读一：对澜释人类学的阑释 25 (10)A.(iadamer,Hans-Georg.Truth and Method.New York:Seaburg Pres,1975,p.99 B.Linge,David E."Editor's Introduction."Hans-Georg Gadamer, Philosophiul Hermeneutics.David E.Linge,trans.Berkley and Los Angeles:University of California Press.1976,p.VXI (11]Geertz,Clifford"Thick Deseription:Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture"C.Geertz,The Interpretation of Cultures.New York:Basic Book5,1973,P.9 (12)(ieertz,Clifford,Local Knowledge-Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology.New York:Basic Books,1983,ppl9-55.pp.147-167 (13)Geertz.Clifford"Thick Description:Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture."and C Geerz,The Interpretation of Cultures.New York: Basic Books,1973,P.14,P.452 (14)Boas,Franz,"Introduction."In Handbook of American Intan Languages.Part 1.Washington,D.C.:Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 40,1911 (15]Leve-Strauss,Claude.The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Translated by James H.Bell,John R.von Srurniner,and Rodncy Needham and edited by Rodney Needham.Boston.Beacon Press. 1969a.pp.46-48 〔16)A.王海龙：（人类学入门：文化学理论的深层结构》，广西教育出版社 1989年版，第291-293页： B.Durkheim,E.The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.New York:Collier,1961,p.237,pp.263-264 (17)Foucault,Michel.The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language.New York:Pantheon.1972.Pp.88-144 〔18)米歇尔·福柯：《知识的考掘)，王德威译，麦田出版有限公可（台北）， 1993年版，第29页，第45页。 (19)Geertz,Clifford"Thick Description:Toward an Interpretive Theory
26 地方性知识■ of Culture."C.Geertz,The Interpretation of Cultures.New York: Basic Books,1973,p.14 (20)Geertz,Clifford"Thick Description:Toward an Interpretive Theory of Cuiture."C.Geertz,The Interpretation of Cultures.New York: Basic Books,1973.p.5 (21]Geertz,Clifford."From the Native's Point of View:On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding "In Local Knowledge:Further Essuys in Interpretive Anthropology.New York:Basic Books,1983, pp.55-72 (22)A.Clifford,James."On Ethnographie Authority"In The Predicament of Culture:Twentieth-Century Ethnography,Literature,and Art. Cambridge,Mass.:Havard University Press,1988 B.Clifford,James.and George E.Marcus,eds.Writing Culture:The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography.Berkeley:University of California Press,1986 (23)A.Lewis,Oscar.Life in a Merican Village:Teportlan Restudied, 1951 B.Redfield,Robert.Tepoztlan,a Mexican Village:A Study of Folk 1ife,1930 C.Mead.Margaret.Coming of Age in Samoa.New York:Morrow 1928 D.Freeman,Derek.Margaret Mead and Sumoa:The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth.Mass.:Harvard University pre3s,1983 (24)Pike,Kenneth L.Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior.1967.2 ed.The Hague:Mouton, 1967Pp.46-58 (25)Headland,Thomas N.,Kenneth L.Pike,and Marvin Harris,eds
导读一：对阑释人类学的阑释 22 Emic and Etic:The Insider/Outsider Debute.Newbury Park, Clalif.Sage Publications,1990,see"Introductions." (26)A.Harris,Marvin."History and Significance of the Emic/Etie Distinction."Annual Reew of Anthropology.Vol.5(1976):329. 350 B.Harris,Marvin."The Epistemology of Cultural Materialism".In Culturul Materialism:The Struggle for u Science of Culture.New York:Random House,1979 27)王海龙何勇：《文化人类学历史导引)，上海学林出版社，1992年版 第385页。 (28)Ryle,Gilbert.Essays,1929-1968,Vol.2 of Collected Papers London:Hutchinson,1971 (29)Dolezel,Lubomir."A Scheme of Narrative Time".In The Semiotics of Arts,Prague School Contributions.Cambridge,Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1976 (30)White,Hayden.The Content f the Form:Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation.Raltimore:John Hopkins University Press. 1987 (31]Clifford,James.The Predicament of Culture:Twentieth-Century Ethnography,Literalure,and Art.Cambridge,Mass.Harvard,1988 (32]Bakhtin,M.M."Introduetion"in Speech Genres and Other Luie Essays.Translated by Ven W.MeGee and edited by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist.Austn:University of Texas Press,1986