物理、化 感受器(刺激感受器、牵张感 学刺激 +受器等) 传入神经(迷走、喉上神经) 咳嗽中枢(延髓) 传出神经(迷走、喉返、膈神经) 效应器(声门、 咳嗽反射 呼气肌) 咳嗽反射示意图
物理、化 学刺激 感受器（刺激感受器、牵张感 受器等） 传入神经（迷走、喉上神经） 咳嗽中枢（延髓） 传出神经（迷走、喉返、膈神经） 效应器（声门、 呼气肌） 咳嗽反射 咳嗽反射示意图
The structures labeled The structures labeled on the left are to be on the right are to be associated with inspiration respiratory associated with expiration center Respiratory center motor Centrally acting pathways vagus nerve antitussives sensory pathway phrenic nerve external ptors intercostal of alveoli muscles Sensory nerves intercostal nerve lly acting Peripherally antitussives Motor nerves diaphrag
Motor nerves Centrally acting antitussives Peripherally acting antitussives
Narcotic Antitussives Codeine可待因 HcO CH3 HO
Narcotic O N CH3 HO H3CO
Narcotic Antitussives 1. Pharmacological effects suppression of cough(1/4 of morphine) analgesia(1/7-1/10 of morphine) 2. Clinical uses Cough without sputum 3. Adverse effects Respiratory depression(at larger doses) Addiction Contraindicated in patients with thick sputum
Narcotic
Narcotic Antitussives Other narcotic antitussives 今 Dihydrocodeine(双氢可待因) Drotebanol(羟蒂巴酚) Pholcodine(福尔可定)
Other narcotic antitussives: v Dihydrocodeine（双氢可待因）; v Drotebanol（羟蒂巴酚）; v Pholcodine（福尔可定） Narcotic