A. Antitussives Peripheral antitussives Benzonatate苯佐那酯(退嗽) Blocking cough reflex Local anesthetic effects CNS depression Others: Benproperine(苯丙哌林) Dropropizine(经丙哌嗪) Noscapine(那可汀); moguisteine(莫吉司坦) Prenoxdiazine(普诺地嗪) Dioxopromethazine(氧丙嗪
• Peripheral antitussives • Benzonatate 苯佐那酯 (退嗽) • Blocking cough reflex • Local anesthetic effects • CNS depression • Others: – Benproperine(苯丙哌林) – Dropropizine (羟丙哌嗪) – Noscapine (那可汀); moguisteine (莫吉司坦) – Prenoxdiazine (普诺地嗪) – Dioxopromethazine (二氧丙嗪) A. Antitussives
常用镇咳药比较表 药物药效镇痛解痉成瘾性临床应用 可待因 十剧烈干咳,尤适 用于胸膜炎干咳 伴胸痛者 右美沙芬1 干咳 喷托维林1/3 上呼吸道炎症引 起的干咳 尤适用于小儿百 日咳 苯丙哌林 刺激性干咳
药物 药效 镇痛 解痉 成瘾性 临床应用 可待因 1 + + 剧烈干咳，尤适 用于胸膜炎干咳 伴胸痛者 右美沙芬 1 干咳 喷托维林 1/3 + 上呼吸道炎症引 起的干咳 尤适用于小儿百 日咳 苯丙哌林 3 + 刺激性干咳 常用镇咳药比较表
Drugs in Current Use for the Treatment of Cough Hr-Receptor Antagonists B. Dextromethorphan................ C. Opiates: Codeine and Morphine. D. Local anesthetics E. Caramiphen...................... F. Carbetapentane(also Known as Pentoxyverine) G. Chlophedianol H. Levodropropizine Other drugs having an Effect on Cough A. Menthol and TRPM8 Agonists B. Erdosteine C. Antibiotics D. Glucocorticosteroids 444444非 E.β2 agonists.,,, F. Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists G. Mucolytics and expectorants H. Antacids/Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastrointestinal Motility Drugs I. Xanthines J. Chromones Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. _Pharmacol Rev. 2014 Mar 26: 66(2): 468-512
Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev. 2014 Mar 26;66(2):468-512
B. Mucoactive drugs Schematic for Alteration of Mucous Glycoprotein Network by Hydration and/or Mucolysis Hydration Sputum dilution After Saline Treatment SH Before Treatment MI ucolysIs HG-9 Mucous glycoprotein network After Mucolytic Treatment
B. Mucoactive drugs Mucous glycoprotein network Hydration: Sputum dilution Mucolysis
B. Mucoactive drugs D Expectorants (Stimulating bronchial secretion痰液稀释药) Ammonium chloride氯化铵 Glyceryl guaiacolate( Guaifenesin)愈创木酚甘油醚 Potassium iodide碘化钾 Ipecac syrup吐根糖浆 酒石酸锑钾、桔梗、远志等。 口 Mucorequlators Carbocisteine羧甲司坦★ Anticholinergic agents D Glucocorticoids D Macrolide antibiotics
B. Mucoactive drugs Expectorants （Stimulating bronchial secretion 痰液稀释药） Ammonium chloride 氯化铵 Glyceryl guaiacolate (Guaifenesin )愈创木酚甘油醚 Potassium iodide 碘化钾 Ipecac syrup 吐根糖浆 酒石酸锑钾、桔梗、远志等。 Mucoregulators Carbocisteine 羧甲司坦* Anticholinergic agents Glucocorticoids Macrolide antibiotics