Transmission It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal or inhalation of aerosols transmission from human to human is exceedingly rare, but possible Minimum infectious exposure is between 10-100 organisms Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurized milk products
Transmission • It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols. Transmission from human to human is exceedingly rare, but possible. Minimum infectious exposure is between 10 - 100 organisms. • Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurized milk products
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis · Virulence factors Endotoxin Capsule and invasive enzymes Brucella is isolated from a blood culture on castenada medium Serology examination · Skin test- brucellin
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis • Virulence factors Endotoxin Capsule and invasive enzymes • Brucella is isolated from a blood culture on Castenada medium. • Serology examination • Skin test --- brucellin
Human brucellosis 1-6 week latency: bacterium ingested by neutrophil and macrophage becomes intracellular, when the multiplication of bacterium reach certain threshold. it can cause the bacteremia The disease is characterized by acute undulating fever, headache, night sweats, fatigue and anorexia Human brucellosis is not considered a contagious disease. brucellosis is Iso considered an occupational disease because of a higher incidence in ople working with animals. The real worldwide incidence of brucellosis is unknown because there is a low level of surveillance and reporting in Brucella endemic areas
Human brucellosis • 1~6 week latency: bacterium ingested by neutrophil and macrophage – becomes intracellular, when the multiplication of bacterium reach certain threshold, it can cause the bacteremia. • The disease is characterized by acute undulating fever, headache, night sweats, fatigue and anorexia. • Human brucellosis is not considered a contagious disease. Brucellosis is also considered an occupational disease because of a higher incidence in people working with animals. • The real worldwide incidence of brucellosis is unknown because there is a low level of surveillance and reporting in Brucella endemic areas
Undulant fever ■■口 12345“789阳m21部 The disease in humans brucellosis(undulant fever) is characterized by an acute bacteremic phase followed by a chronic stage that may extend over many years and may involve many tissues
Undulant fever The disease in humans, brucellosis (undulant fever) is characterized by an acute bacteremic phase followed by a chronic stage that may extend over many years and may involve many tissues
Diagnosis History and Physical Exam Clinical Course of disease Occupation Raw milk Fresh cheese Travel Symptoms Ilness Signs Quantitative serology Laboratory Blood cultures 国→→
Diagnosis