Distortions in Communications 信息沟通中的失真 ·Message Encoding ·信息编码 The effect of the skills,attitudes,and knowledge of the sender on the process of encoding the message >发送者的技能，态度和知识对信息编码过程的影响 >The social-cultural system of the sender >发送者的社会-文化系统 ·The Message ·信息 Symbols used to convey the message's meaning >用来表述信息含义的符号 The content of the message itself >信息本身的内容 >The choice of message format >信息格式的选择 Noise interfering with the message >噪声对信息的干扰 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 11-11
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 11–11 Distortions in Communications 信息沟通中的失真 • Message Encoding • 信息编码 ➢ The effect of the skills, attitudes, and knowledge of the sender on the process of encoding the message ➢ 发送者的技能，态度和知识对信息编码过程的影响 ➢ The social-cultural system of the sender ➢ 发送者的社会-文化系统 • The Message • 信息 ➢ Symbols used to convey the message’s meaning ➢ 用来表述信息含义的符号 ➢ The content of the message itself ➢ 信息本身的内容 ➢ The choice of message format ➢ 信息格式的选择 ➢ Noise interfering with the message ➢ 噪声对信息的干扰
Distortions in Communications(cont'd) 信息沟通中失真（续） ·The Channel ·渠道 The sender's choice of the appropriate channel or multiple channels for conveying the message >发送者在传递信息时对合适渠道或多渠道的选择 ·Receiver ·接受者 The effect of skills,attitudes,and knowledge of the receiver on the process of decoding the message >接受者的技能，态度和知识对信息解码过程的影响 The social-cultural system of the receiver >接受者的社会-文化系统 ·Feedback Loop ·反馈回路 Communication channel distortions affecting the return message from receiver to sender >沟通渠道的扭曲影响接受者向发送者的信息反馈 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 11-12
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 11–12 Distortions in Communications (cont’d) 信息沟通中失真（续） • The Channel • 渠道 ➢ The sender’s choice of the appropriate channel or multiple channels for conveying the message ➢ 发送者在传递信息时对合适渠道或多渠道的选择 • Receiver • 接受者 ➢ The effect of skills, attitudes, and knowledge of the receiver on the process of decoding the message ➢ 接受者的技能，态度和知识对信息解码过程的影响 ➢ The social-cultural system of the receiver ➢ 接受者的社会-文化系统 • Feedback Loop • 反馈回路 ➢ Communication channel distortions affecting the return message from receiver to sender ➢ 沟通渠道的扭曲影响接受者向发送者的信息反馈
Interpersonal Communication Methods 人际沟通方法 ·Hotlines ·Face-to-face ·热线 ·面对面沟通 ·E-mail ·Telephone 电子邮件 。 电话沟通 Computer conferencing Group meetings ·计算机会议 小组会议 ·Voice mail Formal presentations ·语音邮件 ·正式演讲 ·Teleconferences Memos ·远程电话会议 备忘录 ·/ideoconferences ·Traditional Mail ·视频会议 传统邮件 Fax machines 传真机 。 Employee publications 。 内部员工刊物 ● Bulletin boards ·布告栏 Audio-and videotapes ·音频视频磁带 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 11-13
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 11–13 Interpersonal Communication Methods 人际沟通方法 • Face-to-face • 面对面沟通 • Telephone • 电话沟通 • Group meetings • 小组会议 • Formal presentations • 正式演讲 • Memos • 备忘录 • Traditional Mail • 传统邮件 • Fax machines • 传真机 • Employee publications • 内部员工刊物 • Bulletin boards • 布告栏 • Audio- and videotapes • 音频视频磁带 • Hotlines • 热线 • E-mail • 电子邮件 • Computer conferencing • 计算机会议 • Voice mail • 语音邮件 • Teleconferences • 远程电话会议 • Videoconferences • 视频会议
Evaluating Communication Methods 沟通方法评估 ·Feedback Time-space constraint ·反馈潜能 ·时空限制 ·Complexity capacity ·Cost ·复杂程度 ·成本限制 ·Breadth potential Interpersonal warmth ·潜在宽度 ·人情味 ·Confidentiality ·Formality ·机密性 ·正式度 ·Encoding ease ·Scanability ·编码容易程度 ·信息可得性 ·Decoding ease ·Time consumption ·解码容易程度 ·花费的时间 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 11-14
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 11–14 Evaluating Communication Methods 沟通方法评估 • Feedback • 反馈潜能 • Complexity capacity • 复杂程度 • Breadth potential • 潜在宽度 • Confidentiality • 机密性 • Encoding ease • 编码容易程度 • Decoding ease • 解码容易程度 • Time-space constraint • 时空限制 • Cost • 成本限制 • Interpersonal warmth • 人情味 • Formality • 正式度 • Scanability • 信息可得性 • Time consumption • 花费的时间