Six influential criteria accepted by most of the translators 1 Yan Fu faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance (信、达、雅/求信) 2Lu xun: rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language ·(宁信而不顺)
• Six influential criteria accepted by most of the translators • 1. Yan Fu : • faithfulness , expressiveness and elegance • (信、达、雅/求信) • 2. Lu Xun: • rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language • （宁信而不顺）
Fu lei achieve the 'spirit of the original or expression resemblance (神似) 4. Mr Qian Zhongshu: transfiguration or conversion " which aimed at perfection” x(化境) 5. The monk dao an: preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition (案本)
• 3. Fu Lei : • achieve the ‘spirit’ of the original or expression resemblance • （神似） • 4. Mr. Qian Zhongshu: • transfiguration or conversion” which aimed at “perfection” • （化境） • 5. The monk Dao An: • preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition • （案本）
6. Alexander Raster tytler proposed the n famous three principles in his essay on the principles of translation: o the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original; the translation should have all the ease of original composition
• 6.Alexander Fraster Tytler proposed the famous three principles in his essay on the principles of translation: • the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; • the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original; • the translation should have all the ease of original composition •
Two criteria are almost unanimously accepted namel the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy the criterion of smoothness By faithfulness/ accuracy we mean to be faithfu not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views but also to the original form and style Examples in the text book P8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that
• Two criteria are almost unanimously accepted, namely, • the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy • the criterion of smoothness. • By faithfulness/ accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. • Examples in the text book P.8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that
By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering but also idiomatic (地道的) expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries Examples in the text book P8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that
• By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic （ 地 道 的 ） expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries. Examples in the text book P8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that