Chapter four A Contrastive Stud between English and Chinese ·参考教授风采教课比赛课件
Chapter four A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese • 参考教授风采教课比赛课件
I I Differences on Morphology 1. Morphology is the field within linguistics that studies the internal structure of words Morphology also refers to studies of the rules for forming words 2. Synthetic language vs Analytic language Language can be divided into two categories: synthetic language and analytic language
Ⅱ. Differences on Morphology • 1. Morphology • is the field within linguistics that studies the internal structure of words. • Morphology also refers to studies of the rules for forming words. • 2. Synthetic language vs. Analytic language • Language can be divided into two categories: synthetic language and analytic language
Synthetic language In Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary Synthetic language is "characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships Latin German and old English belong to typical Synthetic language Inflected form / inflection: the change in the form of a word that indicates distinctions of tense, person, gender, number, mood, voice and case 仼何一种用雇折变化(用词形的变化来分别时态、人称、 性别、数目、语气、语态或格的方法)
• Synthetic language： • In Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Synthetic language is “characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”. • Latin, German and Old English belong to typical Synthetic language • Inflected form /inflection: • the change in the form of a word that indicates distinctions of tense, person, gender, number, mood, voice, and case • 任何一种用屈折变化(用词形的变化来分别时态、人称、 性别、数目、语气、语态或格的方法)
Analytic language: In The Random House college Dictionary alytic language is "characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words (虚词), auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations rather than of inflected forms Chinese is typical analytic language
• Analytic language： • In The Random House College Dictionary, analytic language is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words （虚词）, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”. • Chinese is typical analytic language
What about modern English? Modern English comes from the old English. It preserves the characteristics of the synthetic language, but possesses the characteristics of the analytic language. Modern English is characterized by a relatively frequent use of hereditary inflections(遗留下来的形态变化形式),form words and a relatively fixed word order to express syntactic relations. So Modern English belongs to synthetic-analytic language
• What about modern English? • Modern English comes from the Old English. It preserves the characteristics of the synthetic language, but possesses the characteristics of the analytic language. Modern English is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of hereditary inflections(遗留下来的形态变化形式), form words, and a relatively fixed word order to express syntactic relations. So Modern English belongs to : • synthetic-analytic language