上游充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 7.Membranes are fluid structures.膜是流动性结构。Lipid molecules diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane,as do proteins,unless they are anchored by specific interactions.In contrast,lipid molecules and proteins do not readily rotate across the membrane.Membranes can be regarded as two-dimensional solutions of oriented proteins and lipids.生物膜可以看作是脂质和蛋白质之间有序排列的二维结构。 8.Most cell membranes are electrically polarized,大多数细胞膜两侧电 极化的，such that the inside is negative[typically-60 millivolts(mV)】 Membrane potential plays a key role in transport（运输)，energy conversion(能量转换)，and excitability(神经兴奋)
7. Membranes are fluid structures. 膜是流动性结构。Lipid molecules diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane, as do proteins, unless they are anchored by specific interactions. In contrast, lipid molecules and proteins do not readily rotate across the membrane. Membranes can be regarded as two-dimensional solutions of oriented proteins and lipids.生物膜可以看作是脂质和蛋白质之间有序排列的二维结构。 8. Most cell membranes are electrically polarized,大多数细胞膜两侧电 极化的，such that the inside is negative [typically - 60 millivolts (mV)]. Membrane potential plays a key role in transport（运输）, energy conversion（能量转换）, and excitability（神经兴奋）
上游充通大兽 OUTLINES SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids 脂肪酸是脂质的主要组成成分 2.There Are Three Common Types of Membrane Lipids 3.Phospholipids and Glycolipids Readily Form Bimolecular Sheets in Aqueous Media 4.Proteins Carry Out Most Membrane Processes 5.Lipids and Many Membrane Proteins Diffuse Rapidly in the plane of the Membrane 6.Eukaryotic Cells Contain Compartments Bounded by Internal Membranes
OUTLINES 1.Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids 脂肪酸是脂质的主要组成成分 2.There Are Three Common Types of Membrane Lipids 3.Phospholipids and Glycolipids Readily Form Bimolecular Sheets in Aqueous Media 4.Proteins Carry Out Most Membrane Processes 5.Lipids and Many Membrane Proteins Diffuse Rapidly in the plane of the Membrane 6.Eukaryotic Cells Contain Compartments Bounded by Internal Membranes
上游文通大警 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids The hydrophobic(疏水的)properties of lipids are essential to their ability to form membranes. 脂类的疏水特性是它们形成膜所必须的。 Most lipids owe their hydrophobic properties to one component,their fatty acids. 大多数脂类的疏水特性都是由于他们结构中的脂 肪酸部分带来的
The hydrophobic (疏水的) properties of lipids are essential to their ability to form membranes. 脂类的疏水特性是它们形成膜所必须的。 Most lipids owe their hydrophobic properties to one component, their fatty acids. 大多数脂类的疏水特性都是由于他们结构中的脂 肪酸部分带来的。 1.Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids
上游究更大学 1.Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains of various lengths and degrees of unsaturation terminated with carboxylic acid groups. 脂肪酸可以有不同长度、不同饱和度，但都有长烃链和羧基。 Palmitate (ionized form of palmitic acid) 棕榈酸（软脂酸） Oleate (ionized form of oleic acid) 油酸 Figure 12.2 Structures of two fatty acids.Palmitate is a 16-carbon, saturated fatty acid,and oleate is an 18-carbon fatty acid with a single cis double bond
1. Fatty Acids Are Key Constituents of Lipids Figure 12.2 Structures of two fatty acids. Palmitate is a 16-carbon, saturated fatty acid, and oleate is an l8-carbon fatty acid with a single cis double bond. 棕榈酸（软脂酸） 油酸 Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains of various lengths and degrees of unsaturation terminated with carboxylic acid groups. 脂肪酸可以有不同长度、不同饱和度，但都有长烃链和羧基
上游文通大学 Fatty Acid Names Are Based on Their SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Parent Hydrocarbons The systematic name for a fatty acid is derived from the name of its parent hydrocarbon by the substitution of oic for the final e. 脂肪酸的系统命名来自于它们的烷烃母体。 Octadecane(十八烷)Octadecanoic acid(十八烷酸) Hexadecane Palmitate Hexadecanoic acid (ionized form of palmitic acid) 棕榈酸（16：0) cis-△9.Octadecene Oleate (ionized form of oleic acid) cis-A9-Octadecenoic acid 油酸(18：1) The notation 18:0 denotes a Cis fatty acid with no double bonds,whereas 18:2 signifies that there are two double bonds
Fatty Acid Names Are Based on Their Parent Hydrocarbons The systematic name for a fatty acid is derived from the name of its parent hydrocarbon by the substitution of oic for the final e. 脂肪酸的系统命名来自于它们的烷烃母体。 Octadecane（十八烷） → Octadecanoic acid （十八烷酸） The notation 18:0 denotes a C18 fatty acid with no double bonds, whereas 18:2 signifies that there are two double bonds. 棕榈酸 (16:0) 油酸 (18:1) Hexadecane Hexadecanoic acid cis-D9 -Octadecene cis-D9 -Octadecenoic acid