上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Chapter 10: Carbohydrates 糖类 Berg·Tymoczko·Stryer Biochemistry Sixth Edition
Berg • Tymoczko • Stryer Biochemistry Sixth Edition Chapter 10: Carbohydrates 糖类
上游充通大兽 Introduction SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Starch,found in plant-derived food such as pasta(意大利面)，consists of chains of linked glucose molecules.These chains are broken down into individual glucose molecules for eventual (use in the generation of ATP and as building blocks for other molecules
Starch, found in plant-derived food such as pasta (意大利面 ), consists of chains of linked glucose molecules. These chains are broken down into individual glucose molecules for eventual (最终的) use in the generation of ATP and as building blocks for other molecules. Introduction
上游充通大兽 Nucleic acids Glycans SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 32 saccharides 8 nucleosides 糖类 核苷酸 Deaxyadenoshe,deoxycytldne, deaxyguanoshe,deorythymidne Fucose.galactose.gucose,gucuronic acid,mannose. adenosine,cytldne,guanosine.uridine N-acetygalactosaine.N-acetylgucosarnine,neuraminic acid,xylose nononic acid.octulosonic adld.aratinose.arabinofuranose. coltose,muctose,gaactoruranose,galacturonic acid, gluoolactiic adid,heptose.legionaminic adid,mannuroric adid. N-acetyifucosamine,N-acetyigalacturonc acid, N-acetyimannosamine,N-acetyimannosaTinuronic acid The molecular N-acetyturanlc acid,N-acetyperosarine. N-aDetyiquinovosamine,perosaine, pseudaminic acid,rhamnose,talose building blocks of life. 68 molecules 糖类是构筑生命的 dA dC.0G.dT.rA,rC.rG.rU A R.D.N.C.E.Q.G.H.LLK.M.F.P.S,T.W.Y.V Fuc,GaL Glc,GlcA Man,GaNAC.GIcNAC,NeuAc,Xy 四大类分子之一。 Kdn,Kdo,Ara,Arat,Col,Frc.Galt,GalUA,GlcLA.Hep. Leg,ManLA.FucNAC.GaNACUA.ManNAc,ManNACUA MurNAc,PerNAc,CUNAc,Per.Pse,Rha,Tal Fa,Gl.Gipl,Pk.Pl.Sol,Spl,Stl Upids Proteins Lipids 20 natural amino acids 氨基酸 Alarine,arginine,aspartic acid,asparagne, cysteine.gutaric acid,glutamine. glycine,histidine,Isoleucine,leucine,lysine Fatty acyts.gyoarolipids,glycerophosphollpids. methionine,phenyalanine,proiine,sertne, poyketides,prenol lpids,saccharoilpids. threonine,tryptophan tyrosine,vaine sphingollpids,sterol lpids 8 classified categories Marth JD.Nat Cell Biol.2008 Sep;10(9)1015-6
The molecular building blocks of life. 68 molecules 8 nucleosides 核苷酸 20 natural amino acids 氨基酸 8 classified categories 32 saccharides 糖类 Nucleic acids Glycans Proteins Lipids Marth JD. Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Sep; 10(9) 1015-6 糖类是构筑生命的 四大类分子之一
上游充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 糖类的功能主要分为4种： First,carbohydrates serve as energy stores,fuels,and metabolic intermediates.储存能量 Second,ribose and deoxyribose sugars form part of the structural framework of RNA and DNA.遗传信息的物质基础 Third,polysaccharides are structural elements in the cell walls of bacteria and plants.生物体结构成分 Fourth,carbohydrates are linked to many proteins and lipids 形成糖类及脂类结构修饰，参与细胞通讯、细胞与环境物质的 相互作用等
糖类的功能主要分为4种： First, carbohydrates serve as energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates. 储存能量 Second, ribose and deoxyribose sugars form part of the structural framework of RNA and DNA. 遗传信息的物质基础 Third, polysaccharides are structural elements in the cell walls of bacteria and plants. 生物体结构成分 Fourth, carbohydrates are linked to many proteins and lipids 形成糖类及脂类结构修饰，参与细胞通讯、细胞与环境物质的 相互作用等
上游充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Rather than mere infrastructure(基a础设施)components, carbohydrates supply details and enhancements to the biochemical architecture of the cell. 糖类对于细胞的生化构架具有重要影响。生命科学新热点！ Cells of all organisms are coated in a dense and complex coat of carbohydrates.覆盖细胞表面 Secreted proteins are often extensively decorated with carbohydrates essential to a protein's function. 胞外分泌蛋白质有丰富的糖类修饰 The extracellular(细胞外的)matrix in higher eukaryotes is rich in secreted carbohydrates central to cell survival and cell-to-cell communication. 高等真核生物细胞外基质糖类对于细胞存活和通讯具有关键作用
Rather than mere infrastructure (基础设施) components, carbohydrates supply details and enhancements to the biochemical architecture of the cell. 糖类对于细胞的生化构架具有重要影响。生命科学新热点！ • Cells of all organisms are coated in a dense and complex coat of carbohydrates. 覆盖细胞表面 • Secreted proteins are often extensively decorated with carbohydrates essential to a protein’s function. 胞外分泌蛋白质有丰富的糖类修饰 • The extracellular (细胞外的) matrix in higher eukaryotes is rich in secreted carbohydrates central to cell survival and cell-to-cell communication. 高等真核生物细胞外基质糖类对于细胞存活和通讯具有关键作用