上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Chapter 10: Regulatory Strategies 调控策略 2015年11月10日 1B三S
2015年11月10日 Chapter 10: Regulatory Strategies 调控策略
上游充通大兽 生物体内一直发生的大量生化过程 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 中心体 内质网 线粒体 高尔基体 体 钮胞核 核仁 Like motor traffic,metabolic pathways flow more efficiently when regulated by signals. 如同机动车交通，用信号调节代谢途径流动效率更高 The activity of enzymes often must be regulated so that they function at the proper time and place. 调节酶活性：经常性/必需。 以便在合适的时间和地点发挥作用。“时空
Like motor traffic, metabolic pathways flow more efficiently when regulated by signals. 如同机动车交通，用信号调节代谢途径流动效率更高 生物体内一直发生的大量生化过程 The activity of enzymes often must be regulated so that they function at the proper time and place. 调节酶活性：经常性 /必需。 以便在合适的时间和地点发挥作用。“时空
Regulation of Enzyme Activity:Five principal ways 五种酶主要的酶活性调节方式 1.Allosteric Control 变构控制，别构控制 2.Multiple Forms of Enzymes:Isozymes,or isoenzymes 同功酶 3.Reversible Covalent Modification. 可逆共价修饰 4.Proteolytic Activation. 蛋白酶活化 5.Controlling the Amount of Enzyme Present 控制酶量
五种酶主要的酶活性调节方式 Regulation of Enzyme Activity: Five principal ways 1. Allosteric Control 变构控制，别构控制 2. Multiple Forms of Enzymes： Isozymes, or isoenzymes 同功酶 3. Reversible Covalent Modification. 可逆共价修饰 4. Proteolytic Activation. 蛋白酶活化 5. Controlling the Amount of Enzyme Present. 控制酶量
1.Allosteric Control 变构控制，别构控制 ·Allosteric proteins contain distinct regulatory sites(调控位点) and multiple functional sites.变构蛋白质含有独特的调节位点 和多个活性位点。 The binding of small signal molecules at regulatory sites is a significant means of controlling the activity.信号小分子与调节 位点的结合是控制这些酶蛋白活性的主要手段。 Substrate Active site Enzyme Distorted active site 别构抑制 有变构控制能力的蛋白质 也是信息转导分子： Allosteric site 能够将信号分子或同一酶 Allosteric- (a)Allosteric inhibition inhibitor 蛋白活性位点的信息传递 Distorted Substrate active site Active site 给蛋白质，调节酶蛋白活 别构激活 性。 Allosteric site Allosteric activator (b)Allosteric activation
1. Allosteric Control 变构控制，别构控制 • Allosteric proteins contain distinct regulatory sites (调控位点) and multiple functional sites. 变构蛋白质含有独特的调节位点 和多个活性位点。 • The binding of small signal molecules at regulatory sites is a significant means of controlling the activity. 信号小分子与调节 位点的结合是控制这些酶蛋白活性的主要手段。 有变构控制能力的蛋白质 也是信息转导分子： 能够将信号分子或同一酶 蛋白活性位点的信息传递 给蛋白质，调节酶蛋白活 性。 别构抑制 别构激活
上游充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Allosteric proteins show the property of cooperativity 协同性)：activity at one functional site affects the activity at others. Substrate Inactive form Active form stabilized of enzyme by a substrate molecule Proteins displaying allosteric control are thus information transducers(传感器)：their activity can be modified in response to signal molecules or to information shared among active sites
• Allosteric proteins show the property of cooperativity ( 协同性): activity at one functional site affects the activity at others. Proteins displaying allosteric control are thus information transducers (传感器): their activity can be modified in response to signal molecules or to information shared among active sites