Chapter 3 -2Chemical Fibers
Chapter 3 -2 Chemical Fibers
Contents.3.1 What's Fiber3.2Historyofchemical fibers: 3.3 The classification of chemical fibers:3.4 Basic structure and properties3.5Manufacturingtechnology: 3.6 Fiber products and their applications. 3.7 Fibers and the environment
Contents • 3.1 What’s Fiber • 3.2 History of chemical fibers • 3.3 The classification of chemical fibers • 3.4 Basic structure and properties • 3.5 Manufacturing technology • 3.6 Fiber products and their applications • 3.7 Fibers and the environment
ManufacturingTechnologies>The procedure to convert polymers to fibers is calledspinning.FiberTypeSpinning MethodNylon 6Melt spinningNylon 66Polyolefin, PolyesterSolvent spinningCellulose acetateCellulosetriacetateDry solvent spinningAcrylicModacrylicVinyonSpandexWet solvent spinningModacrylic,Acrylic,Rayon(viscoseprocess)Reaction spinningSpandex
Manufacturing Technologies ➢The procedure to convert polymers to fibers is called spinning. Spinning Method Fiber Type Melt spinning Solvent spinning Dry solvent spinning Wet solvent spinning Reaction spinning Nylon 6 Nylon 66 Polyolefin, Polyester Cellulose acetate Cellulose triacetate Acrylic Modacrylic Vinyon Spandex Modacrylic, Acrylic, Rayon (viscose process) Spandex
ManufacturingTechnologies> Meltspinning:thefiber-forming substanceis meltedfor extrusionthroughthe spinneretandthendirectlysolidifiedbycoolingPolymer★Screw8MeteningPunpExtruderFilterSpinneret三丰AirQuenchConvergenceGudeGodetsFinishApplicatorSpin Bobbin
Manufacturing Technologies ➢ Melt spinning: the fiber-forming substance is melted for extrusion through the spinneret and then directly solidified by cooling
Principal process variables in melt-spinningPrimarySecondaryResultingvariablesvariablesvariablesMaterial-chemicalExtrusionvelocityTake-uptensioncomposition, molecularTake-upstressAverage diameterandUltimatephysicalfilamenttiterof as-spunfilamentstructure,behaviourSpin-drawratiotemperatureTexture and physicalExtrusiontemperatureDimensionand numberproperties of as-spunfibersof spinneretorificesMassoutflowLength of the spinningpathTake-upvelocityCooling condition
Primary variables Secondary variables Resulting variables Material-chemical composition, molecular structure, physical behaviour Extrusiontemperature Dimension and number of spinneret orifices Mass outflow Length of the spinning path Take-up velocity Cooling condition Extrusionvelocity Average diameter and titer of as-spunfilament Spin-drawratio Take-up tension Take-up stress Ultimate filament temperature Texture and physical properties of as-spun fibers Principal process variables in melt-spinning