氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水回归于水 软化的自来水加入 0.05%的氯化钠通过电 解在阳极侧生成氯气， 氯气与水反应生成盐 酸和次氯酸等物质。 另外，水也在阳极侧 酸性水 碱性水 电解，变成氧气和氢 离子，使阳极产生的 液体pH下降到3以下， 氧化还原电位上升到 水 阴极 水 阳极 1100mV以上，有效氯 浓度达到30~80mgL NaCl 隔膜 NaCl
氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水 回归于水 V ` 酸性水 碱性水 隔膜 水 水 NaCl NaCl Na ＋ 阳极 阴极 H2O OHH+ ClCl2 H2O H+ O2 + - 软化的自来水加入 0.05%的氯化钠通过电 解在阳极侧生成氯气， 氯气与水反应生成盐 酸和次氯酸等物质。 另外，水也在阳极侧 电解，变成氧气和氢 离子，使阳极产生的 液体pH下降到3以下， 氧化还原电位上升到 1100mV以上，有效氯 浓度达到30~80mg/L
.Br2(1) 1)0 xidizing:Cl2+2Br→Br2+2Cl(sea water海水， 2)Purification 3Br2+3CO号→5Br+BrO3+3C02(歧化) BrO3+5Br+6H*->3Br2 +3H2O (reverse disprotionation reaction逆歧化) 2(s) √Algae(海藻)is used as reaction material: C12(适量)+2I→12+2C1 6H20+5C1,(过量)+2一2I0?+10CT+12H MnO,+4H*+2I Mn2+12 +2H2O √Chile saltpeter(智利硝石)as reaction material: 2I0,+5HS0,→12+2S042+3IHS04+H,00
•Br2 (l) 1) Oxidizing： - - Cl + 2Br ⎯→Br + 2Cl 2 2 (reverse disprotionation reaction 逆歧化) BrO3 + 5Br + 6H ⎯→3Br2 + 3H2 O - - + •I2 (s) ✓Algae(海藻） is used as reaction material： - - Cl ( ) + 2I ⎯→I + 2Cl 2 适量 2 2IO 5HSO I 2SO 3HSO4 H2 O 2 3 + 3 ⎯→ 2 + 4 + + - - - - 2)Purification 3Br 3CO 5Br BrO 3CO ( ) 3 2 2 2 + 3 - → - + - + 歧化 ✓Chile saltpeter(智利硝石) as reaction material： - - + 6H2O+5Cl2 (过量)+I2 2IO3 +10Cl +12H MnO 4H 2I Mn I2 2H2O 2 2 + + + + + + - (sea water 海水)
15.1.3 Hydrogen halides 1.Properties of hydrogen halides Colorless gases with pungent odor at room temperature HF HCI HBr HI u/10-30cm) 6.37 3.57 2.76 1.40 molecules'polarity m.p./℃ *-83.57-114.18-86.87-50.80 m.p.熔点 b.p./℃*19.52-85.05-66.71-35.1 b.p.沸点↑ △H/kJ.mol-1-271.1 -92.3 -36.4 -26.5 decomposition/C>1500 1000 300 Stability 稳定性 键能/kJmo1570 432 366 298 acidity weak strong 酸性 弱 强
Colorless gases with pungent odor at room temperature HF HCl HBr HI decomposition/℃>1500 1000 300 键能/kJ·mol-1 570 432 366 298 acidity 酸性 weak 弱 strong 强 molecules’ polarity Stability 稳定性 b.p.沸点 m.p./℃ *-83.57 -114.18 -86.87 -50.80 m.p.熔点 b.p./℃ * 19.52 -85.05 -66.71 -35.1 μ/(10-30c·m) 6.37 3.57 2.76 1.40 15.1.3 Hydrogen halides /kJ·mol -271.1 -92.3 -36.4 -26.5 -1 △ fHm 1. Properties of hydrogen halides
2.The preparation of hydrogen halides ·HCI vIndustry method:direct synthesis method Cl2+H2hv→2HCl Laboratory method:metathesis reaction NaCl+H,SO(>HCI+NaHSO 2NaC1+H,SO,浓>so°c→2HCI+Na,SO4 .HF metathesis reaction CaF,+H,S0,(浓)→CaS04+2Hf lo
• HCl Cl H 2HCl hv 2 + 2 ⎯⎯→ 2 4 500 C 2NaCl H2 SO4 (浓) 2HCl Na SO O + ⎯⎯⎯→ + 2 4 HCl NaHSO4 NaCl+ H SO (浓) ⎯→ + •HF CaF 2 + H2 SO4 (浓) ⎯→CaSO 4 + 2HF direct synthesis method metathesis reaction metathesis reaction ✓Industry method： ✓Laboratory method： 2. The preparation of hydrogen halides
.HBr and HI hydrolysis of the halides PBr3 +3H2O->3HBr +H3PO3 PI,+3H2O→3HⅡ+H3PO3 2P+3Br2 +6H2O>6HBr +2HPO3 or simplely 12P+3L2+6H,0→6Hl+2H,P0, Metatheticalreaction(复分解反应)，No!for(X=Br,I) KX+HSO,(浓)→HX+KHSO 2HBr+H2SO4(浓)→SO2+Br2+2H2O 8HⅡ+H,SO4(浓)→H2S+4I2+4H2O Can HBr and HI be prepared via metatheticalreaction of other acids? 能否选用其他酸用复分解反应制备HBr和HI?YES!
+ ⎯→ + + ⎯→ + 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 PI 3H O 3HI H PO PBr 3H O 3HBr H PO + + ⎯→ + + + ⎯→ + 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2P 3I 6H O 6HI 2H PO 2P 3Br 6H O 6HBr 2H PO KX+ H2 SO4 （浓）⎯→HX + KHSO4 2HBr + H2 SO4 (浓) ⎯→SO2 +Br2 + 2H2 O 8HI + H2 SO4 （浓）⎯→H2 S + 4I2 + 4H2 O •HBr and HI hydrolysis of the halides Metatheticalreaction(复分解反应）, No! for (X=Br,I) or simplely Can HBr and HI be prepared via metatheticalreaction of other acids? 能否选用其他酸用复分解反应制备HBr和HI? YES!