Topical drugs are placed where they areneeded, giving them the advantage that theydo not have to cross any barriers ormembranesMedical preparation:skin ointmentsear drops,nose drops,eye dropsaerosols inhaled in the treatment of asthma幻灯片8
Topical drugs are placed where they are needed, giving them the advantage that they do not have to cross any barriers or membranes Medical preparation: skin ointments ear drops,nose drops,eye drops aerosols inhaled in the treatment of asthma 幻灯片 8
Absorption of drugs via thebuccal or sublingualroute avoids the portal circulation and is thereforevaluable when administering drugs subject tohigh degree of first-pass metabolism, it is alsouseful for potent drugs with a non-disagreeabletaste.Forexample:sublingual nitroglycerin give to relieve acute幻灯片8attack ofangina
Absorption of drugs via the buccal or sublingual route avoids the portal circulation and is therefore valuable when administering drugs subject to high degree of first-pass metabolism, it is also useful for potent drugs with a non-disagreeable taste. For example: sublingual nitroglycerin give to relieve acute attack of angina. 幻灯片 8
PharmacologicalEffects1. Relaxations of vascular smooth musclea. Relaxing all veins and arteries.Changing hemodynamics and decreasing oxygen demandof myocardium:At low doses: venodilation, especial postcapillary venousAt high doses: produces systemic arteriolar dilationb. Redistribution of myocardial bloodNitroglycerin reduces the left ventricular end diastolicpressure (LVDEP), wall tension, which is beneficial toblood perfusion from normal to ischemic regions
【Pharmacological Effects】 1. Relaxations of vascular smooth muscle a. Relaxing all veins and arteries. Changing hemodynamics and decreasing oxygen demand of myocardium: At low doses: venodilation, especial postcapillary venous. At high doses: produces systemic arteriolar dilation b. Redistribution of myocardial blood Nitroglycerin reduces the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVDEP), wall tension, which is beneficial to blood perfusion from normal to ischemic regions