Antipsychotic DrugsBasic concepts of psychotic disordersPsychotic disorders are characterized by a mental statethat is out of touch with reality, involving a varietyof abnormalities of perception, thought, and ideasPsychotic illnesses :1. Schizophrenia2. Schizoaffective disorder3. Delusional disorders4.Somedepressiveandmanicillnesses
Basic concepts of psychotic disorders Psychotic disorders are characterized by a mental state that is out of touch with reality, involving a variety of abnormalities of perception, thought, and ideas. Psychotic illnesses : 1. Schizophrenia 2. Schizoaffective disorder 3. Delusional disorders 4. Some depressive and manic illnesses Antipsychotic Drugs
SchizophreniaSymptoms and signsSchizophrenia is a psychotic illness characterized bymultiple symptoms affecting thought, perception.emotion,and volitionSymptoms fall into two groups (positive and negative)Positive symptoms1)Delusions2) Hallucinations3) Thought alienation and disordered thought
Schizophrenia Symptoms and signs Schizophrenia is a psychotic illness characterized by multiple symptoms affecting thought, perception, emotion, and volition. Symptoms fall into two groups (positive and negative) Positive symptoms 1) Delusions 2) Hallucinations 3) Thought alienation and disordered thought
Negative symptoms1) Poverly of speech2) Flattening of affect3) Social withdrawal4) Anhedonia5) Avolition/apathy, involving reduced drive, energy,and interest6) Attention deficit, manifested by inattentiveness atworkoroninterview
Negative symptoms 1) Poverly of speech 2) Flattening of affect 3) Social withdrawal 4) Anhedonia 5) Avolition/apathy, involving reduced drive, energy, and interest 6) Attention deficit, manifested by inattentiveness at work or on interview
GeneralIntroductionThe Dopamine theory for SchizophreniaExcessive dopaminergic activity underlies the disorder:1. Mostblockdrugsantipsychotic stronglypostsynaptic D2 receptors in the central nervous system,especially in the mesolimbic-frontal system;2. Drugs that increase dopaminergic activity, such aslevodopa (a precursor), amphetamine (releases ofdopamine), or apomorphine (a direct dopaminereceptor agonist) aggravate schizophrenia or produce itin some patients;
Excessive dopaminergic activity underlies the disorder: 1. Most antipsychotic drugs strongly block postsynaptic D2 receptors in the central nervous system, especially in the mesolimbic-frontal system; 2. Drugs that increase dopaminergic activity, such as levodopa (a precursor), amphetamine (releases of dopamine), or apomorphine (a direct dopamine receptor agonist) aggravate schizophrenia or produce it in some patients; General Introduction The Dopamine theory for Schizophrenia
3.Dopamine receptor density has been found.postmortem, to be increased in the brains ofschizophrenics;4. Positron emission tomography (PET) has shownincreased dopamine receptor density in both treatedand untreated schizophrenics;5.Successful treatment of schizophrenic patients hasbeen reported to change the amount of homovanillicacid (HVA), a metabolite of dopamine, in thecerebrospinal fluid,plasma and urine
3.Dopamine receptor density has been found, postmortem, to be increased in the brains of schizophrenics; 4. Positron emission tomography (PET) has shown increased dopamine receptor density in both treated and untreated schizophrenics; 5.Successful treatment of schizophrenic patients has been reported to change the amount of homovanillic acid (HVA), a metabolite of dopamine, in the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine