opioid analgesics and antagonistOpioids are usually understand to include all ofthe natural and semisynthetic alkaloidderivatives from opiumMorphine is the prototypical opioid agonistAll drugs in this category act by binding to opioidreceptors in the CNS to produce effects that mimic theaction of endogenous opioid peptides
opioid analgesics and antagonist Opioids are usually understand to include all of the natural and semisynthetic alkaloid derivatives from opium. Morphine is the prototypical opioid agonist All drugs in this category act by binding to opioid receptors in the CNS to produce effects that mimic the action of endogenous opioid peptides
The classification of the painAcute pain:which does not outlast the initiatingpainful stimulus, include Burns,myocardialinfarctionChronic pain: outlasts the initiating stimulussuch as cancer ,arthritis and neuropathic painSuch drugs eliminate pain by either decreasingthe underlying cause of the pain or decreasingthe transmission of nociceptive impulses andpain perception
The classification of the pain Acute pain:which does not outlast the initiating painful stimulus, include Burns, myocardial infarction Chronic pain: outlasts the initiating stimulus such as cancer ,arthritis and neuropathic pain Such drugs eliminate pain by either decreasing the underlying cause of the pain or decreasing the transmission of nociceptive impulses and pain perception
I. Basic pharmacology of the opioid analgesicsClassification :full agonistsmorphineOpioid drugdezocinepartialagonistsnaloxoneantagonists
I. Basic pharmacology of the opioid analgesics Classification : full agonists morphine Opioid drug partial agonists dezocine antagonists naloxone
EndogenousOpioidsThe endogenous opioids are naturally occurringpeptides include:enkephalins, β -endorphin and dynorphinsenkephalins were first discovered in the brainwhich means from the head.The endogenous opioids modulate most of thecritical functions of the body, includinghormonal fluctuations, thermoregulation
Endogenous Opioids The endogenous opioids are naturally occurring peptides include: enkephalins, β -endorphin and dynorphins enkephalins were first discovered in the brain which means from the head. The endogenous opioids modulate most of the critical functions of the body, including hormonal fluctuations, thermoregulation
mediation of stress and anxiety, production ofanalgesia, and development ofopioid toleranceand dependence. The endogenousopioidsmaintain homeostasis, amplify signals fromthe periphery to the brain, and serveasneuromodulatorsof the body's responsetoexternal stimuli. As such, the endogenousofopioids are critical to themaintenancehealth and a sense of well-being
mediation of stress and anxiety, production of analgesia, and development of opioid tolerance and dependence. The endogenous opioids maintain homeostasis, amplify signals from the periphery to the brain, and serve as neuromodulatorsof the body’s response to external stimuli. As such, the endogenous opioids are critical to the maintenance of health and a sense of well-being