Diagnosis -Treponema pallidum Not culturable Dark field microscopy actively motile organisms (brightly lit against dark backdrop, light shines at an angle, reflected from thin organisms, enters objective) Fluorescence microscopy antibody staining Serology for Secondary and Tertiary Syphilis Screening method -Abs to cardiolipin(self antigen) Specific diagnosis - Abs to treponemal antigen
16 Diagnosis -Treponema pallidum • Not culturable • Dark field microscopy – actively motile organisms (brightly lit against dark backdrop, light shines at an angle, reflected from thin organisms, enters objective) • Fluorescence microscopy – antibody staining • Serology for Secondary and Tertiary Syphilis Screening method - Abs to cardiolipin (self antigen) Specific diagnosis - Abs to treponemal antigen
Diagnosis of Syphilis Evaluation based on three factors Clinical findings Demonstration of spirochetes in clinical specimen Present of antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid More than one test should be performed No serological test can distinguish between other treponemal Infections
17 Diagnosis of Syphilis • Evaluation based on three factors: – Clinical findings. – Demonstration of spirochetes in clinical specimen. – Present of antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. • More than one test should be performed. • No serological test can distinguish between other treponemal infections
Treatment Penicillin remains drug of choice WHO monitors treatment recommendations 7-10 days continuously for early stage At least 21 days continuously beyond the early stage G PNC for congenital and late, TTC, ERY, Chloramphenicol (CMP),etc Prevention and control Vaccine not available Prevention with barrier methods(.g, condoms) Prophylactic treatment of contacts identified through epidemiological tracing
18 Treatment Penicillin remains drug of choice • WHO monitors treatment recommendations • 7-10 days continuously for early stage • At least 21 days continuously beyond the early stage G PNC for congenital and late, TTC, ERY, Chloramphenicol (CMP), etc. Prevention and control Vaccine not available, Prevention with barrier methods (e.g., condoms) Prophylactic treatment of contacts identified through epidemiological tracing
Mycoplasma 磷脂分子 蛋白质分子 甾醇分子 磷脂 蛋白质
Mycoplasma
Diseases Caused by Mycoplasma Organism isease M. pneumoniae Upper respiratory tract disease, tracheobronchitis, atypical pneumonia, (chronic asthma?) M hominis Pyleonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, postpartum fever M. genitalium Nongonococcal urethritis U. urealyticum Nongonococcal urethritis (pneumonia and chronic lung disease in premature infants?) 20
20 Organism Disease M. pneumoniae Upper respiratory tract disease, tracheobronchitis, atypical pneumonia, (chronic asthma?) M. hominis Pyleonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, postpartum fever M. genitalium Nongonococcal urethritis U. urealyticum Nongonococcal urethritis, (pneumonia and chronic lung disease in premature infants?) Diseases Caused by Mycoplasma