中研院民族所圖書館 D3//只2 023 cu8 3 052002023067 9 191> Jerome Ch'en 袁世凯傳 Yuan Shih-k'ai SECOND EDITION 第二版 安中 「齿 雪开客 橋書店 ainbaf血-8 ringe Baok立
Preface to the Second Edition IN THE years since the first edition of this book appeared,a large body of primary source materials on Yuan Shih-k'ai has been pub- lished,chiefly in Taiwan.At the same time,scholars in China and the West have made considerable progress toward an understand- ing of the disintegration of the Ch'ing Empire and the rise of the Chinese republic.In spite of occasional excursions into Maoist studies,I have not lost interest in this earlier period and have been reshaping my views as frequently as time and energy allow.My re- visit to Yuan Shih-k'ai is thus an attempt to take cognizance of new scholarly developments. In the intervening years,Dr.Victor Purcell,whose comments on the manuscripts of this book were invaluable to me,Sir Percival David,to whom the first edition was dedicated,and Sir Stanley Unwin,who handled the publication of the first edition,have died. My revisit to Yuan Shih-k'ai is therefore a nostalgic one that evokes losses but many pleasant memories as well. I also remember the days when I did my research traveling on the London underground between home and office and wrote in the office,which I shared with six others,mostly Cantonese.Lon- don seemed to me then too boisterous,and research and writing were the most effective insulation.Since I changed jobs and came to northern England,I have found a quiet room,a happy home, and again insulation through my work.It is probably time to make another move. A steady factor in these years has been the affection between my daughter and myself,which has given me,and still does,a great deal of strength.Now to her this edition is dedicated. J.C. Leeds
Contents One Youth,18591882 Two Korea,1882-18g5 8 Three The Army,1895-1899 29 Four The Governor,1899-1901 44 Five The Viceroy,1901-1907 55 Six Eclipse,1908-1911 77 Seven The Revolution,1911 90 Eight The President,1912-1918 109 Nine The Strong Man,1913-1915 134 Ten The Emperor,1915-1916 159 Eleven Downfall,1916 179 , Twelve An Appraisal 195 Appendix:The Hsiaochan Officers 217 Notes 221 Bibliography 235 。ndex 249
Yuan Shih-k'ai
ONE MONGOLIA Youth,1859-1882 URIA CHIHLI 公g HIANGCHENG is a small,undistinguished town in central Honan, an area impoverished by floods and droughts.It is far from the seats of traditional learning and the modern civilization that began SHANTUNG to take root in China after 1860.A little to the north of Hiang- cheng,a farmer named Yuan Shou-ch'en made his home and brought up four sons.One of these,born on September 16,1859, HONAN was named Shih-k'ai. It was a time of foreign invasion and armed rebellion.Anglo- HWAI R. SZECHWAN HUPEI French expeditionary troops occupied Peking,the imperial capi- tal,and the Manchu emperor was in exile in Jehol.Meanwhile the rebels,the Taiping(1850-64)and the Nien (1853-68),devas- Chungking tated the lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers,as well CHEKIANG as the Hwai region.In the spring of 1860,as the Nien drove into HUNAN central Honan and threatened the security of Hiangcheng,Yuan Shou-ch'en took his family to the Yuan clan fortress east of town. KWEICHOW FUKIEN (At that time,it was quite common for a large clan to build a fortress for protection against rebels roaming the loess plain.)This YUNNAN refuge belonged to General Yuan Chia-san,a prominent military leader who was then fighting the rebels.The general,a classical scholar,had not been touched by modern ideas;indeed,all the HONG KONG members of his clan could be called traditionalists.At the fortress, the general's adopted son,Tu-ch'en,who was'childless,became TONKIN very fond of the sturdy infant Shih-k'ai and later adopted him. HAINAN This arrangement brought the boy into an influential military family and had an important effect on his career.2 Yuan Tu-ch'en took Shih-k'ai to Shantung in 1866 and secured MILES a classical scholar of some fame to prepare him for a career in the imperial civil service.But the boy found studying less attractive than boxing or riding.According to one story,he once scared his China in r9oo