Summary Tobacco use continues to be the leading treaty that provides the foundation for The continued success of the WHO FCTC is global cause of preventable death.It countries to implement and manage tobacco detailed in this year's WHO Report on the kills nearly 6 million people and causes control programmes to address the growing Global Tobacco Epidemic,2011,the third in hundreds of billions of dollars of economic epidemic of tobacco use.As of May 2011, the series of WHO reports on the status of damage worldwide each year.Most of these the WHO FCTC has 173 Parties covering global tobacco control policy achievement.All deaths occur in low-and middle-income 87%of the world's population,making it data on the level of countries'achievement countries,and this disparity is expected one of the most rapidly embraced treaties in for the six MPOWER measures have been to widen further over the next several United Nations history. updated through 2010,and additional data decades.If current trends continue,by 2030 have been collected on warning the public tobacco will kill more than 8 million people To help countries fulfil their WHO FCTC about the dangers of tobacco.This year's worldwide each year,with 80%of these obligations,in 2008 WHO introduced the report examines in detail the two primary premature deaths among people living in MPOWER package of six evidence-based strategies to provide health warnings-labels low-and middle-income countries.Over the tobacco control measures that are proven on tobacco product packaging and anti- course of the 21st century,tobacco use could to reduce tobacco use and save lives. tobacco mass media campaigns.The report kill a billion people or more unless urgent The MPOWER measures provide practical provides a comprehensive overview of the action is taken. assistance with country-level implementation evidence base for waming people about the of effective policies to reduce the demand harms of tobacco use,as well as country- The World Health Organization Framework for tobacco.The MPOWER measures focus specific information on the status of these Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO on demand reduction,although WHO measures. FCTC)demonstrates global political will to also recognizes the importance of and is strengthen tobacco control and save lives. committed to implementing the supply-side To continue the process of improving data The WHO FCTC is a legally binding global measures contained in the WHO FCTC. analysis,categories of policy achievement 8 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC,2011
8 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2011 Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable death. It kills nearly 6 million people and causes hundreds of billions of dollars of economic damage worldwide each year. Most of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and this disparity is expected to widen further over the next several decades. If current trends continue, by 2030 tobacco will kill more than 8 million people worldwide each year, with 80% of these premature deaths among people living in low- and middle-income countries. Over the course of the 21st century, tobacco use could kill a billion people or more unless urgent action is taken. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) demonstrates global political will to strengthen tobacco control and save lives. The WHO FCTC is a legally binding global Summary treaty that provides the foundation for countries to implement and manage tobacco control programmes to address the growing epidemic of tobacco use. As of May 2011, the WHO FCTC has 173 Parties covering 87% of the world’s population, making it one of the most rapidly embraced treaties in United Nations history. To help countries fulfil their WHO FCTC obligations, in 2008 WHO introduced the MPOWER package of six evidence-based tobacco control measures that are proven to reduce tobacco use and save lives. The MPOWER measures provide practical assistance with country-level implementation of effective policies to reduce the demand for tobacco. The MPOWER measures focus on demand reduction, although WHO also recognizes the importance of and is committed to implementing the supply-side measures contained in the WHO FCTC. The continued success of the WHO FCTC is detailed in this year’s WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011, the third in the series of WHO reports on the status of global tobacco control policy achievement. All data on the level of countries’ achievement for the six MPOWER measures have been updated through 2010, and additional data have been collected on warning the public about the dangers of tobacco. This year’s report examines in detail the two primary strategies to provide health warnings – labels on tobacco product packaging and antitobacco mass media campaigns. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence base for warning people about the harms of tobacco use, as well as countryspecific information on the status of these measures. To continue the process of improving data analysis, categories of policy achievement
19 countries with more than a billion people now have pack warning laws at the highest level of achievement in this policy area. have been refined and,where possible,made are covered by two or more measures at a billion people now have pack warning consistent with new and evolving WHO FCTC the highest level of achievement.Gains laws at the highest level of achievement in guidelines.Data from the 2009 report have were made in all areas,with a total of this policy area,a gain of three countries been reanalysed to be consistent with these 30 countries enacting at least one new (with nearly half a billion people)that have new categories,allowing for more direct MPOWER measure at the highest level since passed such legislation within the past comparisons of the data across both reports. 2008.Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, two years.Notably,the United States of This year continues the practice of printing a an MPOWER measure assessed for the first America will move from very weak warning streamlined summary version of the report time for this report,occurred in 23 countries label requirements to among the world's and publishing more detailed country-specific reaching 1.9 billion people during 2009 and strongest in 2012,when its new warning data online (http://www.who.int/tobacco). 2010. label regulations are scheduled to be implemented. Substantial progress continues to be made Together,health warning labels and anti- in applying the MPOWER measures.Roughly tobacco mass media campaigns are the This year's report also provides,for the 3.8 billion people(55%of the world's most widely embraced MPOWER measures, first time ever,systematically collected population)are covered by at least one based on population coverage.The MPOWER information about anti-tobacco mass media measure at the highest level of achievement, measure showing the largest progress campaigns,a highly effective method of including 1.1 billion people covered by a since the 2009 report,based on population warning the public about the dangers of new policy since 2008.More than 1 billion coverage,is provision of health warning tobacco.The data reveal the promising people (17%of the world's population) labels on tobacco packaging.More than work being done in this area-more than SHARE OF THE WORLD POPULATION COVERED BY SELECTED TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES,2010 100% 90% d od 80% 70% 60% 50% 46% 40% 30% 28% 20% 14 5% 11% 10% 6% 8% 0% M P 0 W E R Monitoring Smoke-free Cessation Warning Mass Advertising Taxation environments programmes labels media bans Note:The tobacco control policies depicted here correspond to the highest level of achievement at the national level;for the definitions of these highest categories refer to Technical Note L. WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC,2011 9
WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2011 9 W 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Share of world population 11% P Smoke-free environments 14% O Cessation programmes 15% Warning labels 28% Mass media E Advertising bans 6% 8% R Taxation M Monitoring 46% Share of the world population covered by selected tobacco control policies, 2010 Note: The tobacco control policies depicted here correspond to the highest level of achievement at the national level; for the definitions of these highest categories refer to Technical Note I. have been refined and, where possible, made consistent with new and evolving WHO FCTC guidelines. Data from the 2009 report have been reanalysed to be consistent with these new categories, allowing for more direct comparisons of the data across both reports. This year continues the practice of printing a streamlined summary version of the report and publishing more detailed country-specific data online (http://www.who.int/tobacco). Substantial progress continues to be made in applying the MPOWER measures. Roughly 3.8 billion people (55% of the world’s population) are covered by at least one measure at the highest level of achievement, including 1.1 billion people covered by a new policy since 2008. More than 1 billion people (17% of the world’s population) are covered by two or more measures at the highest level of achievement. Gains were made in all areas, with a total of 30 countries enacting at least one new MPOWER measure at the highest level since 2008. Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, an MPOWER measure assessed for the first time for this report, occurred in 23 countries reaching 1.9 billion people during 2009 and 2010. Together, health warning labels and antitobacco mass media campaigns are the most widely embraced MPOWER measures, based on population coverage. The MPOWER measure showing the largest progress since the 2009 report, based on population coverage, is provision of health warning labels on tobacco packaging. More than a billion people now have pack warning laws at the highest level of achievement in this policy area, a gain of three countries (with nearly half a billion people) that have passed such legislation within the past two years. Notably, the United States of America will move from very weak warning label requirements to among the world’s strongest in 2012, when its new warning label regulations are scheduled to be implemented. This year’s report also provides, for the first time ever, systematically collected information about anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, a highly effective method of warning the public about the dangers of tobacco. The data reveal the promising work being done in this area – more than 19 countries with more than a billion people now have pack warning laws at the highest level of achievement in this policy area
1.9 billion people(28%of the world's gains have been made in this area since quit tobacco use,exposed to effective population)live in the 23 countries that ran 2008-16 additional countries have passed health warnings through tobacco package at least one strong anti-tobacco mass media national legislation that bans smoking in labelling and mass media campaigns, campaign during the reporting period.Only all public places and workplaces,including protected against tobacco industry seven of the 23 countries that ran a strong bars and restaurants,with the result that marketing tactics and covered by taxation campaign are classified as high-income- over 385 million people have been newly policies designed to decrease tobacco use the majority reporting exemplary campaigns protected from the health harms of tobacco and fund tobacco control and other health are low-or middle-income countries, smoke.An additional 100 million people programmes.Perseverance by all countries providing evidence that all countries, are protected by comprehensive smoke- in expanding the reach of tobacco control regardless of income level,can run effective free laws that have been passed at the programmes is needed to achieve the goal mass media campaigns. subnational level since 2008. of a tobacco-free world,and is critical to saving the lives of the billion people who The WHO Report on the Global Tobacco As countries continue to build on the may otherwise die from tobacco-related Epidemic,2009 focused on the importance progress achieved since becoming Parties illness this century. of protecting the public from the dangers to the WHO FCTC,more people are being of second-hand tobacco smoke through protected from the harms of second-hand comprehensive smoke-free laws.Substantial tobacco smoke,provided with help to More than 1.9 billion people live in the 23 countries that ran at least one strong anti-tobacco mass media campaign during the reporting period. 10 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC,2011
10 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2011 quit tobacco use, exposed to effective health warnings through tobacco package labelling and mass media campaigns, protected against tobacco industry marketing tactics and covered by taxation policies designed to decrease tobacco use and fund tobacco control and other health programmes. Perseverance by all countries in expanding the reach of tobacco control programmes is needed to achieve the goal of a tobacco-free world, and is critical to saving the lives of the billion people who may otherwise die from tobacco-related illness this century. 1.9 billion people (28% of the world’s population) live in the 23 countries that ran at least one strong anti-tobacco mass media campaign during the reporting period. Only seven of the 23 countries that ran a strong campaign are classified as high-income – the majority reporting exemplary campaigns are low- or middle-income countries, providing evidence that all countries, regardless of income level, can run effective mass media campaigns. The WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009 focused on the importance of protecting the public from the dangers of second-hand tobacco smoke through comprehensive smoke-free laws. Substantial gains have been made in this area since 2008 – 16 additional countries have passed national legislation that bans smoking in all public places and workplaces, including bars and restaurants, with the result that over 385 million people have been newly protected from the health harms of tobacco smoke. An additional 100 million people are protected by comprehensive smokefree laws that have been passed at the subnational level since 2008. As countries continue to build on the progress achieved since becoming Parties to the WHO FCTC, more people are being protected from the harms of second-hand tobacco smoke, provided with help to More than 1.9 billion people live in the 23 countries that ran at least one strong anti-tobacco mass media campaign during the reporting period
THE STATE OF SELECTED TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES IN THE WORLD,2010 100% 100% 3 No known data,orno 90% 90% 22 recent data or data that are not both recent and 80% No policy 80% representative 70% 70% 87 夏Recent and representative data 89 62 83 for either adults or 60% 97 60% youth 50% ■Complete police 50% Recent and nt ative data 40% Refer to Technical 40% youth 51 59 Note I for definitions 101 of categories 30 30% 18 69 30% ■Recent,representa- tive and periodic 67 data for both adults 20% 6 20% and youth 10% 13 10% 59 Refer to Technical Note I for definitions 19 of categories 0% 0% 0 E R M Smoke-free Cessation Advertising Monitoring INCREASE IN THE SHARE OF THE WORLD POPULATION COVERED BY SELECTED TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES SINCE 2008 100% 90% 80% 70% 0208■2010 60% 50% 40% 309% 20% 1% 10% 28% 7% 6% 13% 1% 24 8% 0% 5% 5% 6% P 0 E R Smoke-free Cessation Warning Mass Advertising Taxation environments programmes labels media bans Notes:Changes of less than 1%are not labelled on the graph. Data on monitoring are not shown in this graph because they are not comparable between 2008 and 2010.Mass media data were collected for the first time in 2010,so no comparable data are shown for 2008.The tobacco control policies depicted here correspond to the highest level of achievement at the national level;for the definitions of these highest categories refer to Technical Note L. WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC,2011 11
WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2011 11 Share of world population 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% E Advertising bans 5% R Taxation 6% O Cessation programmes 13% 1% 1% 2% Warning labels W 8% 7% Mass media 28% 2008 2010 P Smoke-free environments 6% 5% Increase in the share of the world population covered by selected tobacco control policies since 2008 Notes: Changes of less than 1% are not labelled on the graph. Data on monitoring are not shown in this graph because they are not comparable between 2008 and 2010. Mass media data were collected for the first time in 2010, so no comparable data are shown for 2008. The tobacco control policies depicted here correspond to the highest level of achievement at the national level; for the definitions of these highest categories refer to Technical Note I. P Smoke-free environments O Cessation programmes Warning labels W Mass media E Advertising bans R Taxation M Monitoring 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Proportion of countries (Number of countries inside bars) Proportion of countries (Number of countries inside bars) No known data, or no recent data or data that are not both recent and representative Recent and representative data for either adults or youth Recent and representative data for both adults and youth Recent, representative and periodic data for both adults and youth Data not reported/ not categorized No policy Minimal policies Moderate policies Complete policies 91 51 16 31 5 83 30 59 22 18 89 67 19 1 87 59 23 19 6 97 18 30 23 26 23 62 69 27 13 71 3 101 19 The state of selected tobacco control policies in the world, 2010 Refer to Technical Note I for definitions of categories Refer to Technical Note I for definitions of categories
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control When WHO was established in 1948,its the most rapidly embraced treaties in the To reflect the complexities of the tobacco Member States incorporated the power history of the United Nations,with 173 Parties epidemic,as well as the challenge of to negotiate treaties into its Constitution. covering 87%of the world's population. countering a very well-funded and powerful This power remained dormant until It contains legally binding obligations for multinational industry,WHO FCTC negotiators 1996,when the World Health Assembly its Parties,addresses the need to reduce included broad,encompassing treaty adopted a resolution requesting the WHO both demand for and supply of tobacco, provisions to address demand reduction and Director-General to initiate development and provides a comprehensive direction for supply reduction issues in Artices 6 and 8-17: of a framework convention for global implementing tobacco control policy at all tobacco control in accordance with the levels of government.The treaty's governing Article 6.Price and tax measures to reduce WHO Constitution.This unprecedented body is the Conference of the Parties(COP). the demand for tobacco. request was made in response to the rapid an intergovemmental entity composed of all Article 8.Protection from exposure to globalization of the tobacco epidemic Parties with responsibility for guiding and tobacco smoke. and the growing magnitude of the health promoting effective implementation of the Article 9.Requlation of the contents of burden associated with tobacco use,which WHO FCTC.As part of this responsibility, tobacco products kills nearly 6 million people and causes the COP considers the reports submitted Article 10.Requlation of tobacco product hundreds of billions of dollars in economic periodically by each Party,in accordance disclosures. damage worldwide every year. with Article 21 of the treaty,and the global Article 11.Packaging and labelling of summary prepared by the Convention tobacco products. Today,the WHO Framework Convention on Secretariat to review the progress,successes Article 12.Education,communication, Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC)(1)is one of and challenges of implementation. training and public awareness. 12 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC,2011
12 WHO REPORT ON THE GLOBAL TOBACCO EPIDEMIC, 2011 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control When WHO was established in 1948, its Member States incorporated the power to negotiate treaties into its Constitution. This power remained dormant until 1996, when the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution requesting the WHO Director-General to initiate development of a framework convention for global tobacco control in accordance with the WHO Constitution. This unprecedented request was made in response to the rapid globalization of the tobacco epidemic and the growing magnitude of the health burden associated with tobacco use, which kills nearly 6 million people and causes hundreds of billions of dollars in economic damage worldwide every year. Today, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) (1) is one of the most rapidly embraced treaties in the history of the United Nations, with 173 Parties covering 87% of the world’s population. It contains legally binding obligations for its Parties, addresses the need to reduce both demand for and supply of tobacco, and provides a comprehensive direction for implementing tobacco control policy at all levels of government. The treaty’s governing body is the Conference of the Parties (COP), an intergovernmental entity composed of all Parties with responsibility for guiding and promoting effective implementation of the WHO FCTC. As part of this responsibility, the COP considers the reports submitted periodically by each Party, in accordance with Article 21 of the treaty, and the global summary prepared by the Convention Secretariat to review the progress, successes and challenges of implementation. To reflect the complexities of the tobacco epidemic, as well as the challenge of countering a very well-funded and powerful multinational industry, WHO FCTC negotiators included broad, encompassing treaty provisions to address demand reduction and supply reduction issues in Articles 6 and 8–17: Article 6. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco. Article 8. Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke. Article 9. Regulation of the contents of tobacco products. Article 10. Regulation of tobacco product disclosures. Article 11. Packaging and labelling of tobacco products. Article 12. Education, communication, training and public awareness