From Obligation to Responsiveness to Responsibility从义务到响应 ·Social Obligation社会义务 The obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and nothing more. >一个企业承担其经济的和法律的责任的义务 ·Social Responsiveness社会响应 >When a firm engages in social actions in response to some popular social need. >一个企业适应变化的社会状况的能力 ·Social Responsibility社会责任 >A business's intention,beyond its legal and economic obligations,to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society. 企业追求有利于社会的长远目标的一种义务，它超越了法律和经 济所要求的义务。 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 5-11
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5–11 From Obligation to Responsiveness to Responsibility 从义务到响应 • Social Obligation 社会义务 ➢ The obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and nothing more. ➢ 一个企业承担其经济的和法律的责任的义务 • Social Responsiveness 社会响应 ➢ When a firm engages in social actions in response to some popular social need. ➢ 一个企业适应变化的社会状况的能力 • Social Responsibility 社会责任 ➢ A business’s intention, beyond its legal and economic obligations, to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society. ➢ 企业追求有利于社会的长远目标的一种义务，它超越了法律和经 济所要求的义务
Exhibit 5-3 Social Responsibility versus Social Responsiveness 表5-2 社会责任与社会响应 Social Responsibility Social Responsiveness 社会责任 社会响应 Major consideration Ethical Pragmatic 主要考虑 道德的 实际的 Focus Ends Means 焦点 结果 手段 Emphasis Obligation Responses 强调 义务 响应 Decision framework Long term Medium and short term 框架 长期 中、短期 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 512
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5–12 Exhibit 5–3 Social Responsibility versus Social Responsiveness 表5-2 社会责任与社会响应 Social Responsibility Social Responsiveness 社会责任 社会响应 Major consideration Ethical Pragmatic 主要考虑 道德的 实际的 Focus Ends Means 焦点 结果 手段 Emphasis Obligation Responses 强调 义务 响应 Decision framework Long term Medium and short term 框架 长期 中、短期 Source: Adapted from S.L. Wartick and P.L. Cochran, “The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model,” Academy of Management Review, October 1985, p. 766
Does Social Responsibility Pay? 社会责任会冲击利润吗？ Studies appear to show a positive relationship between social involvement and the economic performance of firms. ·多数研究表明，社会参与和经济绩效之间是正相关的关系 >Difficulties in defining and measuring "social responsibility"and "economic performance raise issues of validity and causation in the studies. >“社会责任”与“经济绩效”的界定和衡量上存在的问题增加了研究的有 效性和因果关系问题 >Mutual funds using social screening in investment decisions slightly outperformed other mutual funds. >共同基金在投资决策中应用了社会标准 A general conclusion is that a firm's social actions do not harm its long-term performance. ·通常的结论是，一个公司的社会责任行动并未降低其长期经济绩效。 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 5-13
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5–13 Does Social Responsibility Pay? 社会责任会冲击利润吗？ • Studies appear to show a positive relationship between social involvement and the economic performance of firms. • 多数研究表明，社会参与和经济绩效之间是正相关的关系 ➢ Difficulties in defining and measuring “social responsibility” and “economic performance raise issues of validity and causation in the studies. ➢ “社会责任”与“经济绩效”的界定和衡量上存在的问题增加了研究的有 效性和因果关系问题 ➢ Mutual funds using social screening in investment decisions slightly outperformed other mutual funds. ➢ 共同基金在投资决策中应用了社会标准 • A general conclusion is that a firm’s social actions do not harm its long-term performance. • 通常的结论是，一个公司的社会责任行动并未降低其长期经济绩效
Exhibit5-4 Social Investing社会投资十年的趋势 (以百万美元计) 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 社会屏障筛选1 $162 $529 $1,497 $2,010 $2,143 $1,685 股东拥护 $473 $736 $922 $897 $448 $703 屏障筛选和股东2 N/A ($84) ($265) ($592) ($441) ($117) 社区投资 $4 $4 $5 $8 $14 $20 总数 $639 $1,185 $2,159 $2,323 $2,164 $2,290 注：1.社会屏障筛选包括共同基金和独立账户。2003年以来，随着单一问题屏障筛选的减弱和公共机构投资者股东 拥护的增加，SR供同基金资产升值（见第二部分），而独立账户资产贬值（见第三部分）。 2.应当减除包含在屏障筛选和股东拥护中的资产以免重复计算，追踪屏障筛选和股东拥护仅仅开始于1997年， 所以没有1995年的数据。 Source:Social Investment Forum Foundation 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 5-14
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5–14 Exhibit 5–4 Social Investing 社会投资十年的趋势 Source: Social Investment Forum Foundation. （以百万美元计） 社会屏障筛选1 股东拥护 屏障筛选和股东2 社区投资 总数 注：1.社会屏障筛选包括共同基金和独立账户。2003年以来，随着单一问题屏障筛选的减弱和公共机构投资者股东 拥护的增加，SRI共同基金资产升值（见第二部分），而独立账户资产贬值（见第三部分）。 2.应当减除包含在屏障筛选和股东拥护中的资产以免重复计算，追踪屏障筛选和股东拥护仅仅开始于1997年， 所以没有1995年的数据
The Greening of Management 管理的绿色化 The recognition of the close link between an organization's decision and activities and its impact on the natural environment. ·对组织决策和活动与组织对自然环境影响之间存在的紧密 联系的意识。 >Global environmental problems facing managers: >管理者面临的全球环境问题 Air,water,and soil pollution from toxic wastes ·空气、水和受有毒废弃物污染的土地 Global warming from greenhouse gas emissions 。温室气体排放导致的全球变暖 Natural resource depletion 。自然资源枯竭 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 5-15
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5–15 The Greening of Management 管理的绿色化 • The recognition of the close link between an organization’s decision and activities and its impact on the natural environment. • 对组织决策和活动与组织对自然环境影响之间存在的紧密 联系的意识。 ➢ Global environmental problems facing managers: ➢ 管理者面临的全球环境问题 ❖ Air, water, and soil pollution from toxic wastes ❖ 空气、水和受有毒废弃物污染的土地 ❖ Global warming from greenhouse gas emissions ❖ 温室气体排放导致的全球变暖 ❖ Natural resource depletion ❖ 自然资源枯竭