Scientific Management(cont'd)科学管理（续） ·Frank and Lillian Gilbreth吉尔布雷斯夫妇 >Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion >专注于研究通过减少不必要的动作来提高工人的绩效 Developed the microchronometer to time worker motions and optimize work performance >发明了精密计时器，用以记录工人的动作以及在每一个动作上花费的时 间，从而使工作执行得到最优化。 How Do Today's Managers Use Scientific Management? ·今天的管理者如何运用科学管理？ Use time and motion studies to increase productivity >运用时间和动作研究以提高生产效率 >Hire the best qualified employees >雇佣最佳的有资格的员工 Design incentive systems based on output >设计基于产出的激励性体系 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 2-11
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2–11 Scientific Management (cont’d)科学管理（续） • Frank and Lillian Gilbreth 吉尔布雷斯夫妇 ➢ Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion ➢ 专注于研究通过减少不必要的动作来提高工人的绩效 ➢ Developed the microchronometer to time worker motions and optimize work performance ➢ 发明了精密计时器，用以记录工人的动作以及在每一个动作上花费的时 间，从而使工作执行得到最优化。 • How Do Today’s Managers Use Scientific Management? • 今天的管理者如何运用科学管理？ ➢ Use time and motion studies to increase productivity ➢ 运用时间和动作研究以提高生产效率 ➢ Hire the best qualified employees ➢ 雇佣最佳的有资格的员工 ➢ Design incentive systems based on output ➢ 设计基于产出的激励性体系
General Administrative Theory 一般行政管理理论 ·Henri Fayol亨利·法约尔 Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions >认为管理实践不同于其它商业职能 Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situations >提出了可以用于所有组织情境的14条管理原则 ·Max Weber马克斯·韦伯 >Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal type of organization (bureaucracy) >提出了一种基于理想组织类型的官僚理论（官僚行政组织） Emphasized rationality,predictability,impersonality,technical competence,and authoritarianism ÷强调合理性、可预测性、非个人性、技术能力和权威性 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 2-12
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2–12 General Administrative Theory 一般行政管理理论 • Henri Fayol亨利•法约尔 ➢ Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions ➢ 认为管理实践不同于其它商业职能 ➢ Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational situations ➢ 提出了可以用于所有组织情境的14条管理原则 • Max Weber马克斯•韦伯 ➢ Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal type of organization (bureaucracy) ➢ 提出了一种基于理想组织类型的官僚理论（官僚行政组织） ❖ Emphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical competence, and authoritarianism ❖ 强调合理性、可预测性、非个人性、技术能力和权威性