上游充通大兽 All Cells Are Coated with "Glycans' SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY DNA>RNA→PROTEIN子CEL3 ORGANISM DNA-RNA-PROTEINS ENZYMES eytopiasm nucleus plasma membrane CARBOHYDRATES CELL GLYCOCONJUGATES 200nn A human lymphocyte(淋巴细胞) ORGANISM LIPIDS Carbohydrates,carbohydrate-containing proteins,and specific carbohydrate-binding proteins are required for interactions that allow cells to form tissues,decide human blood groups,and are used by a variety of pathogens to gain access to their hosts. 器官形成、血型决定、病源侵入
All Cells Are Coated with “Glycans” A human lymphocyte (淋巴细胞) DNARNA PROTEIN CELL ORGANISM Carbohydrates, carbohydrate-containing proteins, and specific carbohydrate-binding proteins are required for interactions that allow cells to form tissues, decide human blood groups, and are used by a variety of pathogens to gain access to their hosts. 器官形成、血型决定、病源侵入………… ? ?
上游充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY The realization of the importance of carbohydrates to so many aspects of biochemistry has spawned(孵育出)a field of study called glycobiology (糖生物学) Glycobiology is the study of the synthesis and structure of carbohydrates and how carbohydrates are attached to and recognized by other molecules such as proteins。糖生物学是研究糖类的合成、结构及其与其它生物分 子（如蛋白）结合、识别与相互作用的学科。 A new field comes a new“omics(组学)”to join genomics(基因组学)and proteomics(蛋白质组学)：glycomics(糖组学). Glycomics is the study of the glycome,all of the carbohydrates and carbohydrate associated molecules that cells produce.糖组学研究细胞产生 的所有糖及糖类相关分子。 Like proteome(蛋白质组)，the glycome is not static and can change,. depending on cellular and environmental conditions. 不同细胞、不同环境条件下的糖组是不停变化的
The realization of the importance of carbohydrates to so many aspects of biochemistry has spawned (孵育出) a field of study called glycobiology (糖生物学). Glycobiology is the study of the synthesis and structure of carbohydrates and how carbohydrates are attached to and recognized by other molecules such as proteins。糖生物学是研究糖类的合成、结构及其与其它生物分 子（如蛋白）结合、识别与相互作用的学科。 A new field comes a new “omics (组学)” to join genomics (基因组学) and proteomics(蛋白质组学) : glycomics(糖组学). Glycomics is the study of the glycome, all of the carbohydrates and carbohydrate associated molecules that cells produce. 糖组学研究细胞产生 的所有糖及糖类相关分子。 Like proteome (蛋白质组), the glycome is not static and can change, depending on cellular and environmental conditions. 不同细胞、不同环境条件下的糖组是不停变化的
上游充通大学 OUTLINES SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups 2.Complex Carbohydrates Are Formed by the Linkage of Monosaccharides 3.Carbohydrates Can be Attached to Proteins to Form Glycoproteins 4.Lectins Are Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins
OUTLINES 1.Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups 2.Complex Carbohydrates Are Formed by the Linkage of Monosaccharides 3.Carbohydrates Can be Attached to Proteins to Form Glycoproteins 4.Lectins Are Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins
上游充通大兽 OUTLINES SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups 寡糖是多羟基醛或多羟基酮 2.Complex Carbohydrates Are Formed by the Linkage of Monosaccharides 3.Carbohydrates Can be Attached to Proteins to Form Glycoproteins 4.Lectins Are Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins
OUTLINES 1.Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups 寡糖是多羟基醛或多羟基酮 2.Complex Carbohydrates Are Formed by the Linkage of Monosaccharides 3.Carbohydrates Can be Attached to Proteins to Form Glycoproteins 4.Lectins Are Specific Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins
上游充通大兽 1.Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups Monosaccharides(单搪)，the simplest carbohydrates,are aldehydes( or ketones (that have two or more hydroxyl groups;the empirical formula of many monosaccharides is carbon hydrate(CH2O)n 单糖是最简单的糖类，化学上看是多羟基醛或多羟基酮。 The smallest monosaccharides,for which n =3(trioses),are dihydroxyacetone(二羟基丙酮)andD-andL-glyceraldehyde(甘油醛). 二羟基丙酮和甘油醛是最简单的单糖。 HO HO HO HO Dihydroxyacetone D-Glyceraldehyde L-Glyceraldehyde (a ketose) (an aldose) (an aldose) Monosaccharides with a keto group are ketoses(酮糖)，and those with a aldehyde group are aldoses(醛糖)
Monosaccharides （单糖）, the simplest carbohydrates, are aldehydes ( 醛) or ketones (酮) that have two or more hydroxyl groups; the empirical (经 验的) formula of many monosaccharides is carbon hydrate (CH2O)n. 单糖是最简单的糖类，化学上看是多羟基醛或多羟基酮。 The smallest monosaccharides, for which n = 3 (trioses), are dihydroxyacetone (二羟基丙酮) and D-and L-glyceraldehyde (甘油醛). 二羟基丙酮和甘油醛是最简单的单糖。 1. Monosaccharides Are Aldehydes or Ketones with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups Monosaccharides with a keto group are ketoses (酮糖), and those with a aldehyde group are aldoses（醛糖）