12-6 Expectancy, Instrumentality, valence Figure 12.2 Effort Performance Outcomes Expectancy: Person’s Instrumentality Valence perception that perception that How desired their effort will performance are the outcomes result in results in from a outcomes performance b " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
12-6 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Expectancy, Instrumentality, & Valence Effort Expectancy: Person’s perception that their effort will result in performance Instrumentality perception that performance results in outcomes Valence: How desired are the outcomes from a job Performance Outcomes Figure 12.2
12-7 Expectancy, Instrumentality, valence Expectancy is the perception that effort (input )will result in a level of performance o You will work hard if it leads to high performance a You would be less willing to work hard if you knew that the best you would get on a paper was a d regardless of how hard you tried a Instrumentality Performance leads to outcomes Workers are only motivated if they think performance leads to an outcome a Managers should link performance to outcomes valence: How desirable each outcome is to a person o Managers should determine the outcomes workers want most " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
12-7 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Expectancy, Instrumentality, & Valence ◼ Expectancy is the perception that effort (input) will result in a level of performance. ◆ You will work hard if it leads to high performance. ◼ You would be less willing to work hard if you knew that the best you would get on a paper was a D regardless of how hard you tried. ◼ Instrumentality: Performance leads to outcomes. ◆ Workers are only motivated if they think performance leads to an outcome. ◼ Managers should link performance to outcomes. ◼ Valence: How desirable each outcome is to a person. ◆ Managers should determine the outcomes workers want most
12-8 High motivation aCcording to the expectancy Theory, high motivation results from high levels of Expectancy, Instrumentality, valence If just one value is low, motivation will be low This means that even if desired outcomes are closely link to performance, the worker must feel the task is possible to achieve for high motivation to result Managers need to consider this relationship to build a high performance firm " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
12-8 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 High Motivation: ⚫According to the Expectancy Theory, high motivation results from high levels of Expectancy, Instrumentality, & Valence. ◼ If just one value is low, motivation will be low. ◼ This means that even if desired outcomes are closely link to performance, the worker must feel the task is possible to achieve for high motivation to result. ◼ Managers need to consider this relationship to build a high performance firm