2 The Evolution of Management Theory OThe McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc, 2000
2-1 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 2 The Evolution of Management Theory
2-2 Scientific Management theory o Modern management began in the late 19th century Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-2 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Scientific Management theory ⚫Modern management began in the late 19th century. ◼Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs. ◼Machinery was changing the way goods were produced. ◼Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix
2-3 Job specialization aDam smith, 18th century economist, found firms manufactured pins in two ways Craft - each worker did all steps Factory -each worker specialized in one step eSmith found that the factory method had much higher productivity. Each worker became very skilled at one, specific task o Breaking down the total job allowed for the division of labor win/MeGraw-Hill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-3 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Job specialization ⚫Adam Smith, 18th century economist, found firms manufactured pins in two ways: ◼ Craft -- each worker did all steps. ◼ Factory -- each worker specialized in one step. ⚫Smith found that the factory method had much higher productivity. ◼ Each worker became very skilled at one, specific task. ⚫Breaking down the total job allowed for the division of labor
2-4 Evolution of Management Theory Figure 2.1 Org. Environment Management Science Behavioral management Administrative management Scientific Management 1940 2000 " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-4 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Evolution of Management Theory 1940 2000 Administrative Management Behavioral Management Scientific Management Management Science Org. Environment
2-5 Scientific Management ● Defined by frederick Taylor,late1800’s. . The systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-5 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Scientific Management ⚫Defined by Frederick Taylor, late 1800’s. ⚫The systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. ◼ Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done