Chemicals,viruses,irradiation,etc. Acquired mutations Inherited mutations" Simplified outline of the genesis of cancer.The Altered gene expression genesis of cancer is Proto-oncogenes Oncogenes Decreased expression of tumour usually multifactorial, sis,erbB,ras,myc,gene for cyclin D,etc. suppressor genes:p53,Rb1,etc. involving more than one Other factors genetic change.'Other factors',as specified Uncontrolled cell proliferation, Decreased apoptosis, dedifferentiation alterations in telomerase above,may involve the actions of promoters, Development of primary tumour cocarcinogens, hormones,etc.which, Production of metalloproteinases etc. while not themselves ￥ carcinogenic,increase Invasion of nearby tissue by tumour cells the likelihood that genetic mutation(s)will Angiogenesis result in cancer. Metastasis Development of secondary tumours Elsevier.Rang et al:Pharmacology 6e-www.studentconsult.com
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Simplified outline of the genesis of cancer. The genesis of cancer is usually multifactorial, involving more than one genetic change. 'Other factors', as specified above, may involve the actions of promoters, cocarcinogens, hormones, etc. which, while not themselves carcinogenic, increase the likelihood that genetic mutation(s) will result in cancer
上商充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1.Surgery 2.Radiotherapy 3.Chemotherapy 4.Endocrine therapy 5.Immunotherapy 6.Biological therapy
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1. Surgery 2. Radiotherapy 3. Chemotherapy 4. Endocrine therapy 5. Immunotherapy 6. Biological therapy
h 上游充通大￥ 后 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Surgery radiation chemotherapy Chemotherapy of cancer,as compared with that of bacterial disease,presents a difficult problem.In biochemical terms,cancer cells and normal cells are so similar in most respects that it is more difficult to find general,exploitable,biochemical differences between them
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chemotherapy of cancer, as compared with that of bacterial disease, presents a difficult problem. In biochemical terms, cancer cells and normal cells are so similar in most respects that it is more difficult to find general, exploitable, biochemical differences between them. Surgery radiation chemotherapy
上充通大学 后 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Anticancer drug development in vitro assays for measuring drug sensitivity of a battery of human tumor cells in vivo,a few well-characterized transplantable animal tumor systems preclinical toxicological and limited pharmacological studies in animals phase I clinical trials ■■■
Shanghai Jiao Tong Universit A y nticancer drug development in vitro assays for measuring drug sensitivity of a battery of human tumor cells in vivo, a few well-characterized transplantable animal tumor systems preclinical toxicological and limited pharmacological studies in animals phase I clinical trials …
PURINE SYNTHESIS PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS 上 PENTOSTATIN 5-FLUOROURACIL inhibits adenosine inhibits DTMP synthesis deaminase RIBONUCLEOTIDES BLEOMYCINS 6-MERCAPTOPURINE 6-TIOGUANINE damage DNA and prevent repair inhibit purine synthesis DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES ALKYLATING AGENTS, inhibit nucleotide MITOMYCIN,CISPLATIN interconversions cross-link DNA METHOTREXATE MNMNM CAMPOTHECINS inhibits purine synthesis DOXORUBICIN inhibits DTMP synthesis ETOPOSIDE DNA AMSACRINE CYTARABINE inhibit topoisomerase ll inhibits DNA polymerase inhibit RNA synthesis inhibits RNA function DACTINOMYCIN CRISANTASPASE intercalates in DNA deaminates asparagine inhibits topoisomerase ll inhibits protein synthesis RNA (transfer.messenger.ribosomal) inhibits RNA synthesis VINCA ALKALOIDS TAXANES PROTEINS inhibit function of microtubules ENZYMES (etc.) MICROTUBULES Elsevier.Rang et al:Pharmacology 6e-www.studentconsult.com Summary of the main sites of action of cytotoxic agents.For some groups of drugs,only one or two examples are given
Summary of the main sites of action of cytotoxic agents. For some groups of drugs, only one or two examples are given