Classification of plasmids Integrations integrated into chromosome or free Transfer properties Conjugative plasmid containing tra genes, which perform the complex process of conjugation, the transfer of plasmids to another bacterium Nonconjugative plasmid incapable of initiating conjugation Phenotypic effects Fertility(F plasmid) Resistance plasmid(R factors) Bacteriocinogenic plasmid controls the synthesis of bacteriocin
Classification of Plasmids Integrations integrated into chromosome or free Transfer properties - Conjugative plasmid containing tra genes, which perform the complex process of conjugation, the transfer of plasmids to another bacterium - Nonconjugative plasmid incapable of initiating conjugation Phenotypic effects Fertility (F plasmid) Resistance plasmid (R factors) Bacteriocinogenic plasmid - controls the synthesis of bacteriocin
xtrachromosoma Bacterial DNA asiAs 8 Cell replication 82 Integrated plasmid tegrat Cell plication Integration
Integration Extrachromosomal
Conjugative plasmid Bacterial conjugation Chromosomal dNA F Plasmid Chromosomal dna (88 O Pilus Donor Recipient 2(O 8 DNA Polymerase Relaxasome Transfersome F Plasmid F Plasmid Pilus old donor New donor
Conjugative plasmid Bacterial conjugation
Transposable Genetic Elements Definition: Segments of dna that are able to move from one location to another on the chromosome-jumping gene Bacteria contain a wide variety of transposable elements The smallest and simplest insertion sequences(IS elements) 1-3 kb in length and encode the transposase protein required for transposition and one or more additional proteins that regulate the rate of transposition Properties “ Randon” movement" hot spot Not capable of self replication(not a replicon Transposition mediated by site-specific recombination · Transposase Transposition may be accompanied by duplication
Transposable Genetic Elements • Definition: Segments of DNA that are able to move from one location to another on the chromosome- jumping gene • Bacteria contain a wide variety of transposable elements • The smallest and simplest insertion sequences (IS elements) 1–3 kb in length and encode the transposase protein required for transposition and one or more additional proteins that regulate the rate of transposition • Properties – “Random” movement “hot spot” – Not capable of self replication (not a replicon) – Transposition mediated by site-specific recombination • Transposase – Transposition may be accompanied by duplication
Types of Transposable Genetic Elements Insertion sequences (Is) Definition: Elements that carry no other genes except those involved in transposition Nomenclature -IS1(ISn) Structure(flanking inverted repeats-palindrome) Importance ABCDEFG TransposaseGFEDCBA Insertional Mutation · Plasmid insertion Integration Phase variation
Types of Transposable Genetic Elements • Insertion sequences (IS) – Definition: Elements that carry no other genes except those involved in transposition – Nomenclature - IS1 (ISn) – Structure (flanking inverted repeats- palindrome) – Importance • Insertional Mutation • Plasmid insertion • Phase variation ABCDEFG Transposase GFEDCBA Integration